Sydenham

Sydenham. P, H, Transducers in Measurement and Control (Adam Hilger, London. 1984). 

Fawell SE, White R, Hoare S, Sydenham M, Page M, Parker MG (1990) Inhibition of estrogen receptor-DNA binding by the pure antiestrogen ICI 164,384 appears to be mediated by impaired receptor dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 6883-6887... 

Page MJ, Hall A, Rhodes S, Skinner RH, Murphy V, Sydenham M, Lowe PN (1989) Journal of Biological Chemistry 264 19,147... 

Louis PCA. Researches on Phthisis. Anatomical, Pathological and Therapeutical. (Trans, by WH Wolshe). London Sydenham Society, 1844. 

Sydenham, E. W., Shephard, G. S., Thiel, P. G., Marasas, W. F. O., and Stockenstrom, S. (1991). Fumonisin contamination of commercial corn-based human foodstuffs. /. Agric. Food Chem. 39, 2014-2018. 

In the last few years there has been increased interest in the immune aspects of OCD and related disorders. It has been proposed that some cases of childhood-onset OCD may be related to an infection-triggered autoimmune process similar to that of Sydenham s chorea, a late manifestation of rheumatic fever (Swedo, 1994 Chapter 14, this volume). 

Swedo, S.E. (1994) Sydenham s chorea. A model for childhood autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA 272 1788-1791. 

Sydenham s chorea and TS share common anatomic areas—the basal ganglia of the brain and the related cortical and thalamic sites. Furthermore, some SC patients display motor and vocal tics, OC, and ADHD symptoms, suggesting the possibility that at least in some instances these disorders share a common etiol-... 

Asbahr FR, Ramos RT, Negrao AB, and Gentil V. (1999) Case Series increased vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive symptoms with repeated episodes of Sydenham chorea. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 1522-1525. 

Ayoub, E.M. and Wannamaker, L.W. (1966) Streptococcal antibody titers in Sydenham s chorea. Pediatrics 38 946-956. 

Chapman, A.H., Pilkey, L., and Gibbons, M.J. (1958) A psychosomatic study of eight children with Sydenham chorea. Pediatrics 30 582-595. 

Swedo, S.E., Rapoport, J.L., Cheslow, D.L., Leonard, H.L., Ayoub, E.M., Hosier, D.M., and Wald, E.R. (1989a) High prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with Sydenham s chorea. Am J Psychiatry 146 246-249. 

Sydenham, T. (1848) The Entire Works of Thomas Sydenham, Yoh. 1-2. London Sydenham Society. 

Conditions in the immune system also seem to play a role in OCD. This connection arose because the development of a movement disorder called Sydenham s chorea, which occurs in children following a particular type of bacterial infection that causes rheumatic fever, also often produces obsessive-compulsive behaviors. 

Opium was, in fact, widely used in British society. It was sold in pharmacies and prescribed by doctors as a remedy for all sorts of ills. Opium was combined with liquor and sold in bars. A bottle of this popular mixture of opium and liquor, called laudanum, was commonplace in English households (see Sydenham s Laudanum box). While the English opinion of opium eventually changed, its initial acceptance as a rather harmless luxury item might have given merchants a clear conscious when pushing its sale on China. 

Invented in 1527, laudanum, a designation for a number of products containing opium, iiquor, and a variety of other ingredients, was the most popuiar form of opium consumption in the West. Of all the laudanum products available, the most popular was a brand called Sydenham s Laudanum, which contained one pound of sherry wine, two ounces of opium, one ounce of saffron, one ounce of powder of cinnamon, and one ounce of powder of cloves. Its popularity stemmed from the sweetness of the sherry undercutting the natural bitterness of opium. For more than 400 years, this method of opium drinking remained widespread among Western nations. 

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