Switching hysteresis

The switching hysteresis can be compared with a defined angle of rotation regarding the tone wheel. So there is a hysteresis regarding the angle angle hysteresis. Fig. 7.9.16 shows the magnetized encoder. The movement of the tone wheel... 

Because these analysers do not employ magnets, peak switching for selected ion monitoring can be done more quickly without hysteresis effects, which makes this system ideal for depth profiling, where it is necessary constantly to switch among masses. These instruments do have the disadvantage of loss of transmission and mass... 

A perpendicular approach with the magnet parallel to the reed switch gives one operation at max. operation distance (Fig. 5.7). This method of operation offers medium sensitivity to stray magnetic fields, large switching courses and hysteresis and high switching position tolerance. 

Figure 3.32 Hysteresis behavior of the magnetization of a ferromagnetic crystal or polarization of a ferroelectric crystal with respect to the applied magnetic or electric switching field.

P, which can be switched by an electric field, E, as illustrated in the P vs. E hysteresis loops in Figure 2) in favor of the non-ferroelectric cubic and antiferroelectric (AFE) phases. At a 65/35 ratio of PbZr03 to PbTi03, a concentration of 9.5% lanthanum is sufficient to reduce the rhombohedral-cubic phase transi-... 

The three simulators have slightly different switch models. The IsSpice model used is the PSW1 switch. This is different from the built-in switch model, which is basically the Berkeley SPICE switch model with hysteresis. The parameters passed are VON = 7 V, RON = 100 Q, VOFF = 2 V, and ROFF = 100 . The PSpice simulation used a model called Sbreak. Like the PSW1 and the Micro-Cap switch models, this switch transitions smoothly between the on and off states and has no hysteresis. 

Molecular hysteresis results when the interconversion between the states does not follow the same pathway on sweeping the external stimulus or field in one or the opposite directions [8.240a, 8.241]. A hysteresis loop has, for instance, been described for the electrochemical interconversion of redox states in a dinuclear metal complex it involves the switching between two different binding sites [8.240b]. Spin... 

---