Switch transition slowing down

Free cw-azobenzene, excited at 480 nm displays a biexponential decay of the excited state Si with time constants of 0.1 ps and 0.9 ps. Here the ultrafast kinetic component dominates the absorption change (it contains 90 % of the whole amplitude). A direct interpretation would relate the fast component to a free isomerizational motion, where the most direct reaction path on the Si and So potential energy surface is used without disturbance. The slower process may be assigned to a less direct motion due to hindrance by the surrounding solvent molecules. This interpretation is supported by the observation of the absorption changes in the APB and AMPB peptides. Here both reaction parts are slowed down by a factor of 2 - 3 and both show similar amplitudes The peptide molecules hinder the motion of the azobenzene switch and slow down considerably the initial kinetics. However, in all samples the transition to the ground state is finished within a few picoseconds. 

So if, for example, the source-to-ground trace is a little too long, it can generate a significant inductive kick at the instant of a switch transition that can at best slow down the transition somewhat, or at worst, produce spurious (unintended) turn-on and turn-off of the Fet, leading to its destruction. 

The kinetic parameters of the hydration processes were also studied. It is widely accepted that the substitution reactions occur predominately by an associative mechanism in the case of Pt(H) and transition metals universally.33 Despite the fact that large bulky ligands can slow down the reaction course substantially, switching to the alternative dissociative... 

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