Suspensions, deflocculated polyelectrolyte

Monovalent cations are good deflocculants for clay—water sHps and produce deflocculation by a cation exchange process, eg, Na" for Ca ". Low molecular weight polymer electrolytes and polyelectrolytes such as ammonium salts (see Ammonium compounds) are also good deflocculants for polar Hquids. Acids and bases can be used to control pH, surface charge, and the interparticle forces in most oxide ceramic—water suspensions. 

B.C. Bonekamp, W.H. van t Veen, M.J. Schoute and H.J. Veringa, Deflocculation of aqueous a-AlaOs suspensions in the presence of adsorting polymer and polyelectrolyte, Proc. 1st ECerS Conference Maastricht, in O. de With, R.A. Terpstra and R. Metselaar (Eds.), Euro-Ceramics 1,1989, Elsevier, London and New York. 

Anionic polyelectrolytes are very effective deflocculating agents for suspensions of bariiun titanate. Properties of ceramic slip are affected by pH. In alkaline pH, interaction occurs through electrostatic mechanism. ... 

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