Suspensions characterization

Salama, A.I.A. Mikula, R.J. Particle and Suspension Characterization in Suspensions, Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry, Schramm, L.L. (Ed.), American Chemical Society Washington, 1996, pp. 45— 106. 

Suspension characterization begins with characterization of the constituent particles and ions in solution. Bulk suspension behavior, settling, particle aggregation, and rheological properties are all dependent on the chemical properties of the particles and the nature of the suspension fluid. The wide array of analytical methods for materials char-... 

Field Forces. In particle and suspension characterization, the encountered fields are gravitational, electric, and magnetic (7, 8, 14, 15). 

As long as one is aware of the possible problems, microscopy is one of the most important suspension characterization tools. In the appropriate circumstances, it can give information about the relative amounts of the particulate that form the suspension and their interactions or associations. Various microscopic techniques can be used to define the physical nature of the sample and also the chemical composition, both mineral and organic. 

Microscopic techniques are attractive for suspension characterization because they are capable of directly determining the size distribution of the suspended phase as well as chemical compositional infor-... 

Salama and Mikula Particle and Suspension Characterization SHEARED SAMPLE 2 HOURS AT 1465 SEC -1... 

Liquid droplets cannot be treated the same as solid particles in their codispersed systems. This behavior has been indicated by equation 66 or 68, in which the Einstein constant increases with increasing viscosity ratio of the dispersed phase to the continuous phase. As is shown by Yan et al. (195, 197, 198), liquid droplet and solid particle effects are additive only when the solid concentration is low, say s < 0.05, and when both solid particles and liquid droplets have comparable sizes. However, when the particle-to-droplet size ratio is large, the particles and the droplets become additive (192) for a wider solid concentration range (Figures 34 and 35). The apparent viscosity of the system may be added in terms of the two distinct model systems pure emulsion characterized by solid-free dispersed phase volume fraction and pure suspension characterized by the volume fraction of the solids. The additive rule for the ternary systems is similar to the rule for bimodal solid particle suspensions due to Farris (139) ... 

This equation helps to close Equation 4.3 if we consider the fluctuation temperature of the fictitious homogeneous state of the suspension characterized by local mean dynamic variables as a known function of those variables. On the basis of the equations presented above for the various constituents of the source terms involved in energy conservation Equation 4.3, we arrive at... 

Correlations Between Suspension Formulation, Drying Parameters, Granule.. Table 11.8 Suspension characterization results after increase of solid content... 

Table 11.12 Suspension characterization results after suspension temperature increase...

Table 11.14 Suspension characterization results after pH modification and therewith surface charge modification...

Table 11.17 Suspension characterization results after additive type variation...

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