Survey of measurement methods

Here we survey a series of possible surface-sensitive measurements which in principle can be used to study the surfaces of conjugated polymers and the early stages of metal interface formation. We then motivate the use of photoelectron spectroscopy. 

Both static and dynamic SIMS, or secondary ion mass spectroscopy, are available, primarily for chemical group analysis, but these are microscopically destructive in their nature7 8. 

There are many other techniques that could be mentioned, none of which have proven to be general laboratory tools, but each of 

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