Surface treatment chemicals chromium plating

Langard S, Norseth T (1986) Chromium. In Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Vouk V (eds) Handbook on the toxicology of metals, 2nd edn, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 185-210 Lee HS, Goh CL (1988) Occupational dermatosis among chrome platers. Contact Dermatitis 18 89-93 Mathias CGT (1982) Contact dermatitis from cyanide plating solutions. Arch Dermatol 118 420-422 Neverland P (1976) Health hazards associated with chemical and electrolytic surface treatment (in Swedish). IVF-Resultat, vol... 

The use of ionic liquids to perform various metal surface treatments allows the replacement of several toxic chemical reagents such as CtOs in the case of chromium plating from aqueous electrolytes and KCN involved in Ag, Cu and Zn electrodepwsition. 

The primary raw materials used in the surface finishing process include surface cleaning agents, metals for hot-dip deposition, fluxes, chemicals for plating and anodizing baths, and treatment reagents for process effluents. The use of effluent chemicals is required to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium to allow for the precipitation of heavy metal content and to ionize the cyanide content. 

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