Surface mining blasting

Siskind, D. E., Stagg, M. S., Kopp, J. W., Dowding, C. H. (1980). Structure Response and Damage Produced by Ground Vibration From Surface Mine Blasting. U. S. Bureau of Mines. 

Sunu, M. Z., Reed, S. M., Singh, R. N. (1988). Evaluating of roek parameters on surface mine blasting by finite element analysis. Int. J. surface mining and reclamation, 2, 209-15. 

Because the ore quaUty is variable, large open-pit mining areas are first identified by general exploration specific mining strips are later identified by further exploration and testing. Surface mining methods are used. The overburden is drilled, blasted, and removed, and the waste from a given strip is dumped into a previously worked-out strip. After removal of the overburden, the exposed caUche is drilled, blasted, and loaded into 80-metric ton tmcks that dehver the ore to a transfer rail station for transportation to the plants. 

Duvall, I. W., Devine, J. F. (1968). Avoiding damage by air blasts and ground vibrations from blasting, Surface mining. New York AIMMPE Inc. 

Ghosh, A. A., Daemon, J. J. K. (1983). A new analytical predictor of ground vibrations induced by blasting, Volume TV (Rep. to the offiee of surface mining). 

Surface mining, then called strip mining, begins near Danville, llUnois. Horse-drawn plows and scrapers are used to remove overburden so the coal can be dug and hauled away in wheelbarrows and carts 1875 Coke replaces charcoal as the chief fuel for iron blast furnaces... 

Page, S.J. 1998. New Shroud Design Controls Silica Dust from Surface Mine and Construction Blast Hole Drills. DHHS (NIOSH) PubUcation No. 98-150. Hazard Control 27.4 pp. 

A truck used in surface mining to transfer rock/earth from the blasting area to the main transportation system between the mine and the processing plant. 

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