Surface layer homology

Engelhardt, H., Peters, J., 1998. Structural research on surface layers a focus on stability, surface layer homology domains and surface layer-cell wall interactions. J. Struct. Biol. 124, 276-302. 

Such layer structure does not allow ns to say a priori that hybridization of DNA will be possible, for it is protected by the octadecylamine layer. In order to control for this possibility, fluorescence measurements were performed. The first indication that hybridization was successful is that after the process, the sample surface became wettable, while before it and after cold hybridization it was not wettable at all. The results of the fluorescence measurements are summarized in Table 10. The results of the specific hybridization are three times more with respect to unspecific hybridization and one order of magnitude more with respect to cold hybridization. Thus, it appears that during a normal hybridization (100% homology) some structural changes and redistribution of the layer takes place. As a result, DNA becomes available for the specific reaction. Such a model also explains why the fluorescence level after unspecific hybridization (10% homology) is higher with respect to cold hybridization. Because the molecules have some mobility when the film is warmed, some DNA from the film could be hybridized on itself, while during cold hybridization this is impossible. 

In Table 3 are the values of surface tension for the aqueous LAS homolog solutions. Values of molar volume used are those for the pure LAS homolog independent of water. The justification for this comes from the Winsor R model (20, 21) and work by Scriven and Davis (30) who showed that accurate CED values can be obtained from a statistical mechanical treatment of an interface using only 2 or 3 atomic or molecular layers of that interface. For a surfactant solution, the surfactant will predominate in the interface, hence the choice of pure LAS for the solution molar volumes. 

After the shock wave reaches the surface, the star starts to expand and soon the expansion becomes homologous. In Fig. 4, the velocity distribution for the homologous expansion is shown for 11E1 and 11E2. The velocity gradient with respect to the enclosed mass, Mr, is very steep near the surface, while it is almost flat in the helium layer and the heavy element core. This is because the core material is decelerated and forms a dense shell due to the reverse shock. The... 

Kdn-gp appeared to be synthesized during relatively later stages of oogenesis, since it was undetectable in the oocyte 3 months prior to ovulation. Although the cell types that synthesize Kdn-gp have not been identified, it is most likely synthesized under hormonal control in some extraoocj e cells (i.e. follicle cells), secreted and partly incorporated into the second outermost layer of the vitelline envelope just before ovulation. Kdn-gp may thus be a molecule homologous to the oviduct glycoproteins of mammals that are reported to be secreted and partly incorporated into the egg surface [58-60]. 

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