Surface free energies quoted

The partial wetting of a melt on a low-index plane of its solid has already been predicted - and observed on Cd", Ga , Ge, NaCT and KCl . However, as mentioned earlier, indications of anisotropic wetting have been limited to Ge and icel In the case of Pb, the wetting angle is shown to increase as the surface free energy, or the atomic density of the surface plane, decreases. Germanium was quoted as having a similar behaviouf. 

From contact-angle data in C. J. van Oss, R. J. Good, and M. K. Chaudhury, J. Chromatogr. 391,53 (1987). Note that this article quotes different calculated surface-free-energy parameters for cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate to those in Ref. [24]. 

Table 9 contains a list of pure liquids for which the values of the polar and dispersive contributions to surface free energy have been quoted in the literature [52,59-61]. 

Surface free energies of fee inert gas crystals have been calculated with a Lennard-Jones Potential for 100, 111, and 110 surface orientations [49Shu, 64Ben, 67Ben]. The calculated values of the different authors agree on average within 5 %, and the more recent calculations are quoted. Surface stress has been calculated for the 100 surface [50Shu]. Structural relaxations have been considered in all... 

The surface tension y is the reversible work (i.e., the reversible increase in the Gibbs free energy G) as a result of the creation of a unit surface area, at constant temperature, pressure and composition [1-4]. The increase in G upon the creation of new surface area is caused by the imbalance of the molecular forces acting on the molecules at the surface, compared with the forces acting on molecules in the interior (bulk) of a liquid or a solid. The surface tension is the key physical property of the surface of a material. It is expressed in units of energy/area, such as J/m2 which is identical to 1000 dyn/cm. Dyn/cm are quoted more often than J/m2. 

Although it is possible to use XPS to distinguish between homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixed valence (Wertheim et al. 1978, 1980), when quoting average valences one has always to take into account that the electronic properties of the surface of both stable and mixed valence intermetallic compounds may differ from the bulk especially whenever the 4f level lies close to the Fermi level. The role of the escape depth, i.e, dependence of the mean-free-path of the photoelectrons from their kinetic energy, must be taken into account. 

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