Surface condensers with multiple condensing steam

The basic heat-transfer surface is a bank of 1 to 20 (but usually 3 to 12) rows of high-tinned tubes. The fluids enter the tubes by box headers (pipe headers at higher pressures), with the tubes welded into one wall of the header internal dividers are used in the headers to create multiple tube passes. The header cover may be bolted to the header, or the header may be welded, with threaded plugs opposite the tube ends to facilitate assembly and tube cleaning. The tubes are slanted downward toward the exit (about 1/4 in. per ft) to facilitate drainage. Occasionally, especially for turbine steam condensation, an A-frame configuration is employed, with the tubes slanted about 30° from the vertical and the fans mounted in forced draft at the base of the A, thereby reducing the plan area required. 

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