Supramolecular Organization of Phthalocyanines

Long Pc fibers (ca. 1 p,m) are formed as well by a covalent Zn(II) tetra(peryle-nediimide)Pc derivative 23 (Fig. 17b) [132], where each moiety stacks in register with the same component in an adjacent molecule. Face-to-face aggregation is 

extremely well-organized nanorods are formed in aqueous solution of the amphiphilic ZnPc-Cgo salt 24 (Fig. 18a) [84], TEM images showed that the nanotubules are composed of many other nanorod-like substructures (Fig. 18b). These 1-D, Pc-based micelle-like structures display remarkable photophysical properties as a result of their nanometric organization, namely, an impressive stabilization of the charge separated state (ZnPc+-C6o ) lifetime. 

Another supramolecular recognition motif for the construction of Pc wires is that based on donor-acceptor interactions. The groups of Torres and Nolte have reported the covalent Pc dimer 25 consisting of a donor ZnPc and an acceptor 

Metal-ligand interactions can be used to construct structurally well-defined assemblies of Pcs. In this context, a well-established method in the field of porphyrin chemistry, developed by Kobuke and coworkers, is the preparation of imidazolyl-substituted porphyrins which can coordinate through the imidazolyl group to the 

Discrete supramolecular Pc-porphyrin-Pc assemblies have also been prepared using saddle distorted components, namely a protonated dodecaphenylporphyrin and octaphenyl Zn(II) phthalocyaninate complex, using 4-pyridinecarboxylate as a supramolecular linking unit. Both metal-ligand and hydrogen bonding interactions allow the assembly of the components [27], 

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