Suppositories mucoadhesive

All the above mentioned polymers have been evaluated mainly for application in the intestine. Finally, the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, the rectum should also be mentioned as a suitable site for delivery and fast absorption of therapeutics. Kim et al. [88] developed an in situ gelling and mucoadhesive acetaminophen liquid suppository prepared with poloxamers and sodium alginate. It was found that this particular formulation of acetaminophen in humans resulted in shorter T ax and higher maximum plasma concentrations of dmg (C ax) than the conventional acetaminophen suppositories. 

Yahagi, R., Machida, Y., and Onishi, H., Mucoadhesive suppositories of ramosetron hydrochloride utilizing Carbopol, Int. J. Pharm., 193 205-212 (2000). 

Choi HK, Oh YK, Kim CK. In-situ gelling and mucoadhesive liquid suppository containing acetaminophen enhanced bioavailability. Int J Pharm 1998 165 23-32. 

Yahagi, R. Onishih, H. Machida, Y. Preparation and evaluation of double-phased mucoadhesive suppositories of lidocaine utilizing carbopol and white beeswax. J. Controlled Release 1999, 61, 1-8. 

Mucoadhesion was already used as part of medicinal therapy in rectal dosage forms longer than 100 years ago. Viscosity-increasing polymers were used in the rectal solutions already at the beginning of the last century, so that that the preparation would adhere well and would not flow back [133]. A new achievement in this field is the development of mucoadhesive suppositories [18]. 

Choi H, Jung J, Ryu J et al (1998) Development of in situ-gelling and mucoadhesive acetaminophen liquid suppository. Int J Pharm 165 33 4... 

The front tip swells in the intestine and increases in volume. At the same time, the mucoadhesive nature of the insert prevents the sustained release drug from migrating upward into the upper reaches of the intestine. Thus, in theory, the drug remains in its original location [15]. There is commercially available a suppository to cure hemorrhoids by increasing the healing effect near the inflamed area. This suppository is a mixture of an ordinary component with a mucoadhesive. According to the manufacturer s data, even 60 min after insertion it remained within 10 cm of the anus. 

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