SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUIDS BY IMPREGNATION

Manometer (J) Gas-flow meter ( Vacuum pump 9 Gas-sampler Heated tube 

TABLE 7.5. Continuous, Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of propene using impregnated SILP-catalysts with different ligands - results at 300 min time on stream 

Reaction conditions aUcenerCOrEL = 1 1 1, T = 100 °C, 0.2 wt% Rh metal loading, silica 100 p = 10 bar for guanidinium and norbos-Cs, p = 5 bar for sulfoxantphos ionic liquid used for impregnation [BMIM][PF6] a) molar ligand to metal ratio b) ratio of ionic liquid volume to support pore volume c) mol aldehyde per mol rhodium per hour d) ratio between linear and branched aldehyde e) support loaded with ionic liquid only. 

The reaction was not influenced by the type of ionic liquid, since no significant differences were observed when the reaction was carried out in [BMIM][PF6] or [BMIMJtn-CgHnOSOa]. In Table 7.5 the most relevant results for the hydroformylation of propene with the different rhodium catalyst systems in the ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] are compiled. 

The concept of continuous flow SILP hydroformylation was also tested in the biphasic, liquid-liquid hydroformylation of 1-octene using the Rh-norbos catalyst system [78], TOFs of 44 h 1 were achieved after 3-4 h with no sign of deactivation at prolonged reaction times. At steady-state conditions an n/iso ratio of 2.6 was obtained. No leaching of rhodium metal could be detected by ICP-AES analysis of product samples at least after these short reaction times. 

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