Supersolid

A supersolid is actually a superfluid with the crystal-like structure of a traditional solid. Inside a supersolid, the atoms are moving and flowing as superfluids, but outside, the substance maintains its shape. Supersolids had been predicted to exist in theory, but were only created in a laboratory in 2004. 

Supersolid A superfluid with the crystal-like structure of a traditional solid. 

The mass ratio above 100, required for the observation of the crystalline order, can be achieved in an optical lattice with a small filling factor for heavy atoms. Their effective mass in the lattice, Af, can be made very large, and the discussed solid phase should appear as a superlattice. There is no interplay between the superlattice order and the shape of the underlying optical lattice, in contrast to the recently studied solid and supersolid phases in a triangular lattice with the filling factor of order one [78-80]. The superlattice discussed in our review remains compressible and supports two branches of phonons. 

Heidarian, D. and Damle, K., Persistent supersolid phase of hard-core bosons on the triangular lattice, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 127206, 2005. 

Sengupta, R, Pryadko, L.R, Alet, R, Troyer, M., and Schmid, G., Supersolids versus phase separation in two-dimensional lattice bosons, Phys. Rev. Lett, 94, 207202, 2005. 

Properties that bulk materials never show merge at the nanoscale such as conductor-insulator transition, dilute magnetism, Dirac-Fermi polarons, catalytic conversion and enhancement, superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, super lubricity, and supersolidity. 

Polarization happens at sites with even lower atomic CN, which gives rise to the non-zero spin (carrier of topologic insulator), conductor-insulator transition, surface plasmonic enhancement, and the superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity. 

Superhydrophobicity, Superfluidity, Superlubricity, and Supersolidity High Wetting... 

Anderson s theory [87] of local vacancy density enhancement of crystal imperfections and the Bose-Einstein condensation theory for the superelasticity and superfluidity of the individual segment of the He crystal supersolidity. 

Fig. 20.9 Electric levitation mechanism for the 4S. a Curvature (K ) dependence of the skin charge density, elasticity (energy density), and potential trap depth of the outermost shell of a spherical dot. b Repulsion between like charges dots) of dipoles pinned in the surfaces, c Electric levitation mechanism suggests that surface dipoles induced by the local strain and quantum entrapment or by the lone pairs of O, N, and F play important roles in the skin supersolidity and the 4S...

J. Day, J. Beamish, Low-temperature shear modulus changes in solid He and connection to supersolidity. Nature 450(7171), 853-856 (2007)... 

P.W. Anderson, A gross-Pitaevskii treatment for supersolid helium. Science 324, 631-632 (2009)... 

S. Sasaki, R. Ishiguro, F. Caupin, H.J. Maris, S. Balibar, Superfluidity of grain boundaries and supersolid behavior. Science 313(5790), 1098-1100 (2006)... 

The stiffening of the shortened H-O bond increases the magnitude of the O Is shift, causes the blue shift of the H-0 phonon frequencies, and elevates the T of molecular clusters and ultrathin films of water, which gives rise to their supersolid phase of elastic, hydrophobic, ice-like, polarized with ultra-low-density. 

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