Superficial temporal artery

EC-IC arterial bypass involves the use of general anesthesia, open craniotomy, and end-to-side anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to a branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (Fig. 6.1). Currently, this technique is being used primarily in the setting of intracranial aneurysm therapy, moyamoya disease, and... 

FIGURE 6.1 CT angiography of an EC-IC bypass, showing the new intracranial course of the right superficial temporal artery, anastamosed to the middle cerebral artery M2 segment. 

Early development of intimal thickening in superficial temporal arteries in patients with Moyamoya disease. Stroke 27 1750-1754... 

Moyamoya syndrome (Ch. 6) causes gradual stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries or middle cerebral arteries. This leads to formation of an abnormal collateral network of fragile vessels, which occasionally rupture. It has been proposed that constructing a bypass to relieve the pressure on the collaterals would be beneficial, for example between the superficial temporal artery and the middle cerebral... 

Nervous system The headache eliciting effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) has been studied in 12 healthy subjects in a double-blind, crossover, study [30, in which epoprostenol 10 nanograms/kg/minute was infused for 25 minutes. During the immediate phase (0-30 minutes) and the post-infusion phase (30-90 minutes) 11 subjects reported headache after epoprostenol and none reported headache on the placebo day. The headache was associated with dilatation of the superficial temporal artery but there was no dilatation of the middle cerebral artery. These data suggest that PGl2-induced headache may be due to activation and sensitization of sensory afferents around extracranial arteries. 

Fig. 18.3. Final appearance of the external carotid artery. 1, occipital artery 2, ascending pharyngeal artery 3, inferior tympanic artery 4, internal carotid artery 5, lingual artery 6, facial artery 7, posterior auricular artery 8, superficial temporal artery 9, petrous branch 10, middle meningeal artery 11, maxillary artery 12, transverse facial artery...

There are multiple anastomoses between the intraorbital branches with the external carotid system only supplying the periorbital region. This includes the internal maxillary, superficial temporal arteries and the facial system. 

Fig. 18.8a-d. Selective occipital angiogram in lateral view a demonstrates high-flow scalp AVM which was also supplied by branches of the ipsilateral and contralateral superficial temporal arteries and contralateral occipital artery (not shown). Following transarterial partial embolization with glue and particles of PVA into these vessels a percutaneous approach was performed b,c with injection of glue (50% NBCA/ 50% Lipiodol) resulting in complete obliteration of the AVM nidus as shown on the post embolization left external carotid angiogram d... 

L.V. Kucherenko, Efficacy of infusion therapy via superficial temporal artery in eye diseases. Synopsis of the scientific work for the degree of the degree of medical doctor [Odessa, Ukraine],(1991). 

While injection of 5HT in the area of the superficial temporal artery was found in one study [438] to induce headache in... 

The external carotid artery also starts at the bifurcation. Branches supply the jaw, face, scalp, neck and meninges via the superficial temporal, facial and occipital arteries. 

The scalp is supplied by branches of the external carotid artery, particularly the superficial temporal, occipital and posterior auricular arteries. Above the orbit, there is a contribution from terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. There is a rich anastomotic network between the various arteries of the scalp. 

Tenderness of the branches of the external carotid artery (occipital, facial, superficial temporal) points towards giant cell arteritis. Tenderness of the common carotid artery in the neck can occur in acute carotid occlusion but is more Ukely to be a sign of dissection, or arteritis. Absence of several neck and arm pulses in a young person occurs in Takayasu s arteritis (Ch. 6). Delayed or absent leg pulses suggest coarctation of the aorta or, much more commonly, peripheral vascular disease. Other causes of widespread disease of the aortic arch are atheroma, giant cell arteritis, syphihs, subintimal fibrosis, arterial dissection and trauma. 

You may have never heard of temporal arteritis, but if you ever get it, you ll never forget the experience. It s characterized by severe pain and tenderness to touch at the main superficial artery of the temple. If it is not diagnosed promptly, it can lead to blindness. 

III (20%) weakening or absence of arterial tone, sometimes amplification of retrograde tone 4-12 weakening of auscultatory tone brch of a. tempor. superficial. 

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