Wires superconducting materials

While attempts are still being made to find materials which exhibit superconductivity at temperatures as close as possible to room temperature, the main thrust of research is now directed towards superconducting materials that can withstand high current densities and are malleable and ductile (i.e. able to be prepared as thin sheets or wire). 

The principal uses for the element are in alloys. Niobium also has gained prominence in research as a superconducting material. At tine temperatures of liquid helium, niobium becomes a superconductor and. in the form of a fine wire, has been incorporated in a superconducting cell. The element has both size and cost advantages over electronic materials, The... 

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The superconducting component of an MRI system is, by far, the costliest part of the unit. It alone can set a hospital back at least 500,000. The machines, moreover, use around 80 percent of all of the superconducting material now sold—miles of niobium-titanium wire are wound into each magnet—making MRI one of today s few applications of superconductivity. 

Solid solutions between elements in the Periodic Table which are superconductors are very important materials. Some of the most common superconducting materials are in this class, in particular those containing niobium. For example, NbTi and NbZr are fabricated to form superconducting wires for use in coils. 

Lohle j, Mattenberger K and Wachter P (1989) Production and characterization of Wires of High Temperature Superconducting Materials based on (Biij Pb fSr2Ca CUf)ft (in German), ETH-Z Bulletin No 223, pp. 21-23. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. 

MMCs are usually reinforced by either monofilaments, discontinuous fibers, whiskers, particulates, or wires. With the exception of wires, which are metals, reinforcements are generally made of advanced ceramics such as boron, carbon, alumina and silicon carbide. The metal wires used are made of tungsten, beryllium, titanium, and molybdenum. Currently, the most important wire reinforcements are tungsten wire in superalloys and superconducting materials incorporating niobium-titanium and niobium-tin in a copper matrix. The most important MMC systems are presented in Table 18.5. 

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