Super-wind

Eventually the He burning converts the core to carbon. Core thermonuclear shutdown occurs but fusion continues in the shell around the core, producing He followed by periods of helium flashes, causing wild variations in the luminosity. The Sun will then develop a super wind by convection that will blow off the overshell of the star, leaving a hot core behind. The expelled material forms a shell... 

A further effect during evolution up the AGB is mass loss through stellar winds, at an increasing rate as the star increases in luminosity and radius and becomes unstable to pulsations which drive a super-wind in the case of intermediate-mass stars. For stars with an initial mass below some limit, which may be of order 6 M , the wind evaporates the hydrogen-rich envelope before the CO core has reached the Chandrasekhar limiting mass (see Section 5.4.3), the increase in luminosity ceases and the star contracts at constant luminosity, eventually becoming a white dwarf (Figs. 5.15, 5.19). A computed relation between initial stellar mass and the final white-dwarf mass is shown in Fig. 5.21. 

The most metal-rich stars in dwarf spheroidals (dSph) have been shown to have significantly lower even-Z abundance ratios than stars of similar metallicity in the Milky Way (MW). In addition, the most metal-rich dSph stars are dominated by an s-process abundance pattern in comparison to stars of similar metallicity in the MW. This has been interpreted as excessive contamination by Type la super-novae (SN) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars ( Bonifacio et al. 2000, Shetrone et al. 2001, Smecker-Hane McWilliam 2002). By comparing these results to MW chemical evolution, Lanfranchi Matteucci (2003) conclude that the dSph galaxies have had a slower star formation rate than the MW (Lanfranchi Matteucci 2003). This slow star formation, when combined with an efficient galactic wind, allows the contribution of Type la SN and AGB stars to be incorporated into the ISM before the Type II SN can bring the metallicity up to MW thick disk metallicities. 

At the other extreme of Re, Achenbach (Al) investigated flow around a sphere fixed on the axis of a cylindrical wind tunnel in the critical range. Wall effects can increase the supercritical drag coefficient well above the value of 0.3 arbitrarily used to define Re in an unbounded fluid (see Chapter 5). If Re is based on the mean approach velocity and corresponds to midway between the sub- and super-critical values, the critical Reynolds number decreases from 3.65 x 10 in an unbounded fluid to 1.05 x 10 for k = 0.916. 

Tornadoes can begin during a hurricane because of miniswirls, small tornado winds. Super cells are the most dangerous and destructive storms of all. 

Wet winding lubricant for 100% cotton and blends. Imparts super-low friction to wet and dry yarns. 

Fig. 2 Enlarged plots of the segments near the internal wave event, (a) Mean square curvature (x normal, + and A super-normal, 1.5 and 3 dB, respectively, o and V subnormal, -1.5 and -3 dB, respectively), (b) wind speed (symbols are the same as those in (a)), (c) surface water temperature, (d) dimensionless wave number spectra, B k), (e) same as (d) but in logarithmic scales, (f) normalized spectra. In (d-f), the mean spectrum is shown by pluses, the dashed curves are the 3 dB envelops, and the dash-and-dotted curves are the 6 dB envelops...

A narrow winding road offers more resistance to traffic than does a super highway. Thus, speed is slower on the narrow road. 

Low-level jets usually have a well-marked super-geostrophic maximum in the boundary-layer wind speed... 

Linking number (L) The total number of times the two strands of a closed, circular DNA helix cross each other by means of either twist or writhe this equals the number of times the two strands are interlinked. It reflects both the winding of the native DNA helix and the presence of any super-coiling. 

If the history of lead-acid batteries is an indicator, the performance of a super capacitor and storage battery combination will likely be improved further as additional materials and designs are developed and field experience with the HEV and wind energy applications increases. Other sustainable energy systems that operate over a wide range of currents may also benefit from this work. Many types of carbons as well as other materials are being studied. The challenge is to find materials that are low cost and are also compatible with the lead-acid system. 

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