Summary of Rules

Identify the molecular ion This is an important inital step, because it is needed to derive the molecular composition (Chap. 6.6.4). If the El spectrum does not allow for the identification of the molecular ion, soft ionization methods should be employed in addition. 

The mass differences between the presumed molecular ion and primary fragments must correspond to realistic chemical compositions (Chap. 6.6.4, Table 6.12). 

The calculated and experimental isotopic patterns have to agree with the molecular formula postulated (Chap. 3.2). 

The derived molecular formula must obey the nitrogen rule (Chap. 6.2.5). An odd-numbered m/z value of the molecular ion requires 1, 3, 5,. .. nitrogens to be contained, whereas an even m/z value belongs to 0, 2, 4. nitrogens. 

Homolytic cleavages cause odd-numbered mass differences between fragment and molecular ion (Chap. 6.2.5). Rearrangement fragmentations cause even-numbered mass differences. This rule toggles if odd numbers of nitrogen are contained in the neutral loss. 

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Table 6.4 Summary of rules for converting data to a standard uncertainty Data expressed as Conversion rule...

F Summary of Rules for Predicting Thermally Feasible Pericyclic Reactions... 

Some Examples of Sigmatropic Kearrangements 1261 30.10 A Summary of Rules for Pcricydic Reactions 1253... 

A simple summary of rules for pericyclic reactions is as follows ... 

Summary of Rules of Thumb for Predicting Polymer-Solvent Miscibility... 

More recently, a "Summary of Rule Changes (Reference 4), promulgated by the NRC, amended 10 CFR 50.46, Appendix K, such that ECCS analysis can be performed by either of two approaches. The historic conservative approach may continue to be used that specifies the ANS Standard 5.0 decay heat function, plus 20% uncertainty as a part of the current LOCA analytical methodology. This approach is the same as the treatment of decay heat in LOCA analyses historically performed to demonstrate compliance with 10 CFR 50.46. 

Summary of Rule Changes, Section 50.46, Acceptance Criteria for Emergency Core Cooling Systems for Light Water Reactors,... 

Homogeneous Equilibria Equilibrium Constants and Units Heterogeneous Equilibria The Form of K and the Equilibrium Equation Summary of Rules for Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions... 

A Summary of Rules for Pericycllc Reactions A Deeper Look—Vitamin D, the Sunshine Vitamin... 

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