Sulfur interhalogens

Second only to sulfur-based systems, nitrogen complexes are relatively well represented in the structural literature with 41 complexes reported. Of these, 25 are with I2 as the electron acceptor, 11 are with the interhalogen IC1, three are with Br2, and two are with IBr. As expected, in every case the halogen bond forms between the nitrogen and the softest halogen atom, i.e., iodine, in all of the complexes except those with dibromine. Most N I2 complexes, and all N Br2, N IBr, and N IC1 complexes are simple adducts, mode A. Exceptions for the diiodine complexes include bridging mode (B) observed for diazines, such as pyrazine [86], tetramethylpyrazine [86], phenazine, and quinoxaline [87], and for 9-chloroacridine [89] and the 1 1 complex of diiodine with hexamethylenetetramine [144] and amphoteric bridging mode (BA) observed for 2,2 -bipyridine [85], acridine [89], 9-chloroacridine [89], and 2,3,5,6-tetra-2/-pyridylpyrazine [91]. The occurrence of both B and BA complexes with 9-chloroacridine, and of B and A complexes and an... 

Like sulfur, selenium based electron donors are heavily studied due to their potential as antithyroid agents. Of the 28 complexes reported, the majority (20) are diiodine based, and most of these (16) are simple adducts. One diiodine complex is bridged, one contains only extended adducts, one contains only bridged adducts, and one contains both bridged and extended adducts. All of the interhalogen complexes are simple adducts except one with iodine monobromine, which forms an extended adduct. 

There are numerous examples of cations of the interhalogens, and a great deal is known about the behavior of such species. The species that have been more fully studied involve only one type of halogen such as I3+, Br3+, and Cl3+. In general, the production of these species requires rather stringent conditions that may include nonaqueous solvent systems. For example, a reaction that takes place in anhydrous sulfuric acid can be used to produce I3 +. ... 

Methyl methacrylate 4-Methylnitrobenzene 2- Methylpyridine Methylsodium Molybdenum trioxide Naphthalene 2-Naphthol Air, benzoyl peroxide Sulfuric acid, tetranitromethane Hydrogen peroxide, iron(II) sulfate, sulfuric acid 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chlorine trifluoride, interhalogens, metals Chromium trioxide, dinitrogen pentaoxide Antipyrine, camphor, phenol, iron(III) salts, menthol, oxidizing materials, permanganates, urethane... 

Lagowski, J. J., Ed., The Chemistry of Non-Aqueous Solvents, Academic, New York. This series contains detailed accounts of the purification, properties, and handling of some major solvents Vol. 2(1967), hydrogen halides, amides, and ammonia Vol. 3(1970), sulfur dioxide and acetic acid Vol. 4 (1976), tetramethylurea, cyclic carbonates, and sulfolane Vol. 5A (1978), tri-fluoroacetic acid, hafosuffuric acids, interhalogens, inorganic halides and oxyhalides. 

Incompatible with ethanol, ethanol + butadiene, ethanol + phosphorus, ethanol + methanol + HgO, formamide + pyridine + sulfur trioxide, formamide, halogens or interhalogens (e.g., chlorine), mercuric oxide, metals (e.g., aluminum, lithium, magnesium), metal carbides (e.g., lithium carbide, zirconium carbide), oxygen, pyridine, sodium hydride, sulfides. 

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