Sulfur containing functionalities

Sulfation and Sulfonation. a-Olefin reactions involving the introduction of sulfur-containing functional groups have commercial importance. As with many derivatives of olefins, several of these products have appHcations in the area of surfactants (qv) and detergents. Typical sulfur reagents utilized in these processes include sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfur trioxide, and sodium bisulfite. 

D. Reactions with Oxygen- and Sulfur-Containing Functions... 

Groups. Supplement S The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups (S. Patai and Z. Rappoport, eds.), p. 659. Wiley, New York, 1993. 

One of the longest known synthetically prepared surfactants are the fatty alcohol sulfates, which were prepared on technical scale before 1940. Along with their ethoxylated counterparts, the fatty alcohol ether sulfates, which appeared on the stage shortly after, their use in toiletries is very popular but they can also be found in products for textile industry and auxiliaries in emulsion polymerization. With the exception of soaps, the mentioned anionic surfactants all have a sulfur-containing functional group. Denying the differences between these, their skin irritancy potential is remarkably high. 

Sulfur-Carbon Compounds and Other Sulfur-containing Functionalities... 

The preparation of functionalized aryllithium compounds bearing an oxygen- or sulfur-containing functionality in a benzylic position is also possible by arene-catalyzed lithiation. When chlorinated materials 239 were deprotonated (for Y = OH, SH) with n-butyllithium in THF at —78 °C and then lithiated using DTBB as the catalyst at the same temperature. 

Table 2.6 Some Important Sulfur-Containing Functional groups Present in Anthropogenic Organic Compounds...

Name some important differences in the chemical nature of oxygen and sulfur. How is this reflected in sulfur-containing functional groups ... 

HO Interaction with N-, P-, and S-Containing Groups. A rather limited data set is available for quantification of the interaction of HO with nitrogen-, phosphorus-and sulfur-containing functional groups. The group rate constants for some func-... 

Yordanov, A.T., Whittlesey, B.R., Roundhill, D.M. 1998. Calixarenes derivatized with sulfur-containing functionalities as selective extractants for heavy and precious metal ions. Inorg. Chem. 37 (14) 3526-3531. 

Vairavamurthy, A., Maletic, D., Wang, S., Manowitz, B., Eglinton, T., and Lyons, T. (1997). Characterization of sulfur-containing functional groups in sedimentary humic substances by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Energy Fuels 11,546-553. 

FTIR and NMR Analysis of Oxidation Products. As expected the FTIR spectra of the soluble oxidation products are dominated by the strong absorptions due to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of carboxylic acids. There are absorptions in the spectra which occur in the regions expected for sulfones (1350-1310 and 1160-1120 cm-1) and sulfonic acids (1420-1330 and 1200-1145 cm-1), but these are probably due to non-sulfur containing functional groups, especially carbon-oxygen bonds which are presumably present in much higher concentrations. 

We have already met a number of sulfur-containing functional groups and it might be useful to list them for reference. 

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