Sugars energy content

Eat less and exercise more is overly simplistic for several reasons. Foods of various types have different energy contents. Exercise of various types requires different amounts of energy. Moreover, foods that are readily converted to sugar can stress the body s metabolic processes, and individuals of various metabolic... 

C hocolate3 has been the savior of many a student on the long night before a major assignment was due. My favorite chocolate bar, jammed with 33% fat and 47% sugar, propels me over mountains in California s Sierra Nevada In addition to its high energy content, chocolate packs an extra punch with the stimulant caffeine and its biochemical precursor, theobromine. 

Proteins are useful for their energy content, just as starches, sugars, and fats are, but perhaps the greatest importance of proteins lies with how our bodies use them for building such structures as enzymes, bones, muscles, and skin. 

Although different sugars have different sweetness factors relative to sucrose they are all identical in energy content, on a dry basis. Thus to achieve a high energy content without cloying sweetness, sugars or carbohydrates of low sweetness must be used. This is illustrated in Table 13.2. 

The CASH process was developed by cooperation between Canada, the USA and Sweden. In this method, hydrolysis occurs in two steps with dilute sulfuric acid at a temperature around 200 °C (pressure 8-25 bar) and the fermentation of sugars by yeast to ethanol. It has been shown that by using SO2 and dilute sulfuric acid in two steps, this increases the sugar and ethanol yield, since the amount of inhibitors such as furfural is decreased. The process was developed for raw materials such as sawdust and other residues from trees. The ethanol yield is about 30% of the energy in the raw material and there are also by-products, with up to 40% of the energy content in solid form (lignin), which can be used as biofuel. 

It is possible by careful choice of ingredients to make a Turkish delight with a reduced energy content yet resembling the full sugar version that is commonly sold in the UK. 

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