Sugars formation

This chapter reports the most relevant recent contributions in nitro sugar chemistry. It includes the following aspects preparation of nitro sugars, formation of carbon-carbon bonds and transformation of the nitro group into other functionalities. 

Hydrogen cyanide and methanal are especially reasonable starting materials for the prebiotic synthesis of amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases, ribose and other sugars. Formation of glycine, for example, could have occurred by a Strecker synthesis (Section 25-6), whereby ammonia adds to methanal in the... 

C. A. Johnson and P. H. Gross, Heterocyclic amino sugar derivatives. 6. Stabilization of a reactive intermediate by steric hindrance. Mechanism of 3,6-anhydro sugar formation, J. Org. Chem., 38 (1973) 2509-2512. 

Oxidation of Monosaccharides Reducing Sugars 1117 23-11 Nonreducing Sugars Formation of Glycosides 1119 23-12 Ether and Ester Formation 1121... 

Sugar formation - staA atS7 Phosphosugar nucleotidyltransferase... 

Broadly speaking, two reactions are possible under those circumstances anhydro sugar formation and condensation with active amino compounds. Although both of these reactions probably occur, it appears that the first type is favored. n-Glucose, which under comparable conditions shows very little tendency to form an anhydride, is able to pro-... 

This method was of value in that it gave an insight into the actual reaction of an aldose during bromine oxidation, and was also indicative of its ring structure. The method should be used with caution, however, especially in respect to the relative velocity of the anomeric forms of the various sugars. Formation of 5-lactones can be considered excellent... 

Mizuno, T, Mori, T, Shiomi, N, Nakatsuji, N, Studies on synthesis and utilization of formose. Part 1. Sugar formation by the formaldehyde condensation in the presence of inorganic or organic bases, Nippon Nogli Kagaku Kaishi. J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 44, 324-331, 1970. 

Under these conditions, the mashing step converts 75-80% of the starches to simple sugars [7]. This step is sometimes referred to as saccharification, literally sugar formation . 

Mechanistic and stereoelectronic aspects of anhydro sugar formation are discussed in Ref. 7). 

Hatch, M. D. 8 Slack, C. R. (1966). Photosynthesis by sugarcane leaves. A new carboxylation reaction and the pathway of sugar formation. Biochemical Journal 101, 103-111. 

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