Sugar chemical synthesis

Cyorgydedk, Z. Pelyvas, I.F. Monosaccharide sugars- chemical synthesis by... 

Cyorgydeak, Z. Pelyvas, I. F. Monosaccharide sugars - chemical synthesis by chain elongation, degradation and epimerisation. 1998, Academic Press, San Diego, p 450. 

Other possible chemical synthesis routes for lactic acid include base-cataly2ed degradation of sugars oxidation of propylene glycol reaction of acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and water at elevated temperatures and pressures hydrolysis of chloropropionic acid (prepared by chlorination of propionic acid) nitric acid oxidation of propylene etc. None of these routes has led to a technically and economically viable process (6). 

An in vitro ensymatic synthesis of sucrose was carried out ia 1944 (5). A successful chemical synthesis was performed by Lemieux and Huber (6) ia 1953 from acetylated sugar precursors. However, the economics and chemical complexities of both processes make them unlikely sources of supply. 

In bioprocesses, the feedstocks required to grow the catalysts and produce the chemical renewable are generally renewable resources, such as sugar from crops. Conversely, purely feedstocks chemical synthesis relies largely on non-renewable resources such as oil, coal and natural gas. It follows that as non-renewable resources dwindle, it is likely that biotechnology will become increasingly important to the chemical industry. 

Werpy, T. Peterson, G. (eds) (2004) Top Value-Added Chemicals from Biomass, Vol. 1. Results of Screening of Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US, August 2004. 

The sugar alcohol anhydride polygalitol, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, may be prepared from the root of Poly gala Senega L.49 The process is, however, a time-consuming one and chemical synthesis of the substance by Raney... 

Fleet GWJ (1993) Sugar lactones as useful starting materials. In Krohn K, Kirst HA, Maas H (eds) Antibiotics and antiviral compounds chemical synthesis and modifications. VCH Verlagsgesellschaf, Weinheim, pp 333-342 Isbell HS (1963) Meth Carbohydr Chem 2 13-15... 

Top Value Added Chemicals From Biomass—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas, eds. T. Werpy and G. Petersen, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, August 2004, vol. 1 available at WWW.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/3 5 523. pdf. 

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