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Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

the general mechanisms for these reactions are presented. Then the reactivity of these carboxylic acid derivatives is discussed. As expected, the factors that control the reactivity are very similar to those that affect the addition reactions of Chapter 18. Next, reactions with nucleophiles that interconvert all of the members of the carboxylic acid family are presented. Finally, the reactions of hydride and organometallic nucleophiles with these electrophiles are discussed. [Pg.803]

Look for this logo in the chapter and go to OrganicChemistryNow at http //now.brool scole.com/hornbacl 2 for tutorials, simulations, problems, and molecular models. [Pg.803]

Click Mechanisms in Motion to view the Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution at a Carbonyl Group under Basic Conditions. [Pg.804]

For this mechanism to occur for an aldehyde or ketone, hydride ion or a carbanion would have to act as the leaving group. These species are much too basic to leave under normal circumstances. In the case of carboxylic acid derivatives the leaving group is one of the following less basic species  [Pg.804]

This mechanism is sometimes called the tetrahedral mechanism because of this sp3-hybridized intermediate with tetrahedral geometry. If L is H or R. it is too basic to leave as an anion, so aldehydes and ketones stop at this point When L is Cl or an N or O group, it can better support a negative charge and is capable of acting as a leaving group. [Pg.804]


Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group, Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 310... [Pg.513]




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Acidic carbonyl

Acids and substitution

Acids carboxyl group

And substitution reactions

Carbonyl and carboxyl groups (

Carbonyl carboxylate

Carbonyl derivatives

Carbonyl group carboxylic acid derivatives

Carbonyl group derivatives

Carbonyl group reactions

Carbonyl group substitution

Carbonyl group substitution reactions

Carbonyl groups and derivatives

Carbonyl substitution

Carbonylation derivatives

Carbonylation substitutive

Carbonyls substitution reaction

Carboxyl groups acidity

Carboxylates substitution reactions

Carboxylic acid derivates

Carboxylic acid derivatives substitution reactions

Carboxylic acid derivs

Carboxylic acid groups

Carboxylic acids and derivs

Carboxylic acids reactions

Carboxylic acids substituted

Carboxylic derivs., reactions

Derivatives substituted groups

Derived group

Of carbonyl group

Of carboxylic acid derivatives

Reaction at the Carbonyl Group

Reaction at the Carboxyl Group

Reaction of Acid Derivatives

Reaction of carboxylation

Reaction substituted and

Reactions and Derivatives

Reactions of the Carbonyl Group

Substituted and derivatives

Substituted carboxylic

Substituted derivatives

Substituted derivatives of

Substituted groups reactions

Substitution Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Substitution at

Substitution at Carbonyl

Substitution at the carbonyl group

Substitution reactions at carbonyl

Substitution reactions at carbonyl group

Substitution reactions groups

Substitution reactions of carboxylic acids

Substitutions of carbonyls

The Carbonyl

The Carbonyl Group

The Carboxyl Group

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