Substitution rare-earth

Y. Earring, PhD Dissertation Protons and Oxygen Vacancies in Acceptor-Substituted Rare Earth Oxides, University of Oslo, 1998. 

Weitzer, E, H. Klesnar and P. Rogl, 1990, Phase equilibria and structural chemistry related to Al, Ga, In, Tl-substituted rare earth-base permanent magnet materials, in Proc. Int. Conf. on Light Metals, Amsterdam, 1990, Abstracts, p. 577. Welter, R., G. Venturini, B. Malaman and E. Ressouche, 1993a, J. Alice s Compounds... 

R. Haugsrud, T. Norby, High-temperature proton conductivity in acceptor-substituted rare-earth ortho-tantalates, LnTa04. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90(4), 1116-1121 (2007)... 

The rare earth composition of commercial electrodes is also related to electrode corrosion. This was noted by Sakai et. al. [44], who found that the presence of Nd or Ce inhibited corrosion when substituted in part for La in La, fZt(NiCoAl)5 (Z = Ce or Nd) electrodes. However no explanation for the effect was noted. Willems [22] prepared an electrode of La0XNd02Ni25Co24 Si0l which retained 88% of its storage capacity after 400 cycles. He attributed its long cycle life to a low VH of 2.6 A3. 

The key to the superconducting properties of these ceramics seems to be the presence of planes of copper and oxygen atoms bonded to one another. The significance of the other atoms in the lattice seems to be to provide a stmctural framework for the copper and oxygen atoms. Thus, in the superconducting compound YBa2Cu30, the substitution of other rare earths for yttrium resrrlts in little change in the properties of the material. 

A table of appropriate m, n, and p values can be generated as in Table 14.5 to yield another hst of target compounds (Table 14.6). This may be better suited for the rare earths, Ln, as both LnInQ3 and (II)In2Q4 peritectically decompose above 800 °C [108]. We can also substitute 2 Cu(I) for one (11) element as another variable in the process. 

After the discovery of the Al6Mn i-QC [1], development of QCs were limited for almost a decade to ternary systems with a major A1 constituent, such as Al-(Pd,Mn)-Si, Al-Zn-(Li,Mg), Al-Cu-TM (TM = Fe, Ru, Os), Al-Pd-(Mn,Re) [2,25,26], (This may be the reason why jargon such as Al-based QCs was coined.) After all, most QC discoveries were achieved by chemical additions to, or substitutions in, known compounds. From the mid-1990s to about 2000, QCs were also found in Zn-Mg-R (R = rare-earth-metal), Cd-Mg-R, and (Yb,Ca)-Cd systems, the last being the first stable binary i-QC at room temperature. Experience and insight are worth a lot — Tsai and coworkers produced 90% of these i-QCs [27],... 

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