Subpleural spaces

Fig. 26.7a,b. Axial CT image in a 75-year-old woman with COP shows bilateral, peripherally located patchy lung consolidation (arrowheads) In one of the lesions, the subpleural space is typically spared (arrow) (a). Follow-up CT image obtained... 

Pnemnocystis Allogeneous transplantation GGO left out subpleural space intralobular septa (late phase)... 

Fig. 27.11a-c. Bilateral pneimionia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (PcP) at different stages of immunosuppression. The subpleural space is typically left out. Diffuse ground glass opacification appears typically in the early phase of infection... 

The perivenous plexus accompanies the veins into the perilobular septa and even reaches the visceral pleura to supply the subpleural alveolar walls. Spencer and Leof (1964) have described twigs of the venous plexus reaching and ramifying in the subendothelial space. A few ganglia are present in the perivenous plexus near the hilus. 

Multicentric Castleman disease usually demonstrates extensive lymph node involvement, in contrast to the solitary involvment with unicentric Castleman disease. In addition, pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities such as thin-walled cysts, thickening of the bronchovascular bundles, and interlobular septal thickening, subpleural nodules, ground-glass attenuation, air-space consolidation, and bronchiectasis can be seen (25). 

Pleuritic involvement is uncommon in BD. Pleural effusion is thought to be secondary to superior vena cava thrombosis and pulmonary infarction. Very rarely can the pleura be involved by vasculitis, which can manifest as inflammation and effusions. Hydropneumothorax can result from rupture of peripheral subpleural opacities into the pleural space (24,25). Other rare thoracic manifestations include fibrosing mediastinitis. 

Fig. 7.7. Prone thin-section computed tomography of an asbestos miner showing areas of subpleural peripheral honeycombing (small cystic spaces a few millimetres in diameter) (arrows)...

---