Styrene supported aqueous-phase

In investigating the effect of the amount of water, the contents of other components are fixed. Changing the amount of water affects the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase and the concentration of nucleophile in the aqueous phase. For the reaction of hexacyclotriphosphazene and sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroethanoxide catalyzed by tributylamine immobilized on the solid styrene-chloromethylstyrene polymer support catalyst. As shown in Figure 13.3.12, the reaction rate is decreased with the increase in the amount of water up to a concentration of sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroethanoxide at 2.8 M. Flowever, the reaction rate is then increased with further increase in the amount of water larger than 2.8 M sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroethanoxide. This result indicates that a high concentration of sodium... 

The polymer-supported bimetallic catalyst system PVP-PdCl2-NiCl2/TPPTS/ PPh3 (PVP = polyvinylpyrrolidone) was found to have good activity in the hydro-xycarbonylation of styrene under aqueous-organic two-phase condition and can be reused four times with little loss of catalytic activity. The effects of temperature, CO pressure, and reaction time were studied to obtain optimum reaction conditions (Equation 7.14) [139]. 

---