Styrene polymers and copolymers

Plastics can be classified as thermoplastic or thermosetting. Thermoplastics are materials that can be repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling. Typical of the thermoplastic family are the styrene polymers and copolymers, acrylics, cellulosics, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, vinyls, and nylons. Thermoset polymers are those that undergo chemical reactions induced by heat, pressure, catalysts, and ultraviolet (UV) light, leading to an infusible state. Typical plastics in the thermosetting family are amines (melamine. 

Figure 1.12 shows the timeline of discovery of various styrenic polymers and copolymers. It would be naive to suggest that the rate of invention and innovation will level off in this century. Rather, the pace of discovery of new styrenic polymers will probably increase. Advances in new catalyst technology and controlled radical polymerisation technology will undoubtedly yield new styrenic polymers with well-defined architecture, as we have recently seen with the introduction of syndiotactic PS and ethylene-styrene interpolymers. 

Weak Links and Energy Sinks in the Photooxidation of Styrene Polymers and Copolymers in Solution... 

Quantum Yields for Scission in Styrene Polymers and Copolymers In DMM... 

The area of application of Py—GC for identification is extensive. Its use is especially recommended for substances that are either difficult to identify by other techniques (e.g., insoluble polymers) or necessitate sophisticated and expensive instrumentation. The applications of Py-GC are steadily increasing we shall consider only those areas in which Py—GC has become a traditional technique, which include the analysis of polymers, drugs, biochemical substances and microorganisms. In addition to the work discussed above in connection with applying Py—GC for the identification of polymers, we may mention other studies. The identification of acrylate, methacrylate and styrene polymers and copolymers was described by McCormick [104]. Fischer and Meuser... 

Styrene polymers and copolymers are used extensively in making polystyrene plastics, polyesters, protective coatings, resins, and synthetic rubber (styrene-butadiene rubber). 

Here, we will use POSS-styrene system as paradigm to explain the synthesis and properties of POSS-containing polymers and copolymers. Other systems are listed in Table 34.1, along with references. POSS-styrene polymers and copolymers with 4-methylstyrene have been extensively studied by Haddad et al. [7,44]. The reaction scheme is shown in Fig. 34.4. 

These polymers constitute the largest group to be discussed in this report and this is mainly because polystyrene and poly(chloromethylstyrene), often crosslinked with divinylbenzene, continue to be widely used in the preparation of functional polymers and resin-supported reagents. In fact most of the examples given here refer to the preparation of functional polymers rather than to new materials. This is a rapidly growing area of polymer chemistry and it is not possible to refer, in a compressed review of this nature, to all reports of functionalized styrene-based resins that have appeared in the past two years. This section falls naturally into three parts the first deals with styrene polymers and copolymers, the second with reactions on chloromethylated polystyrenes, and the third deals with styrene-related polymers. 

Y., and Okamoto, Y. (2011) Synthesis and characterization of trifluoromethyl substituted styrene polymers and copolymers with methacrylates effects of trifluoromethyl substituent on styrene. Polymer, 52 (4), 949 —953. 

Nonfluorinated ionomer membranes Numerous different types of nonfluori-nated ionomer membranes, among them ionomer membranes based on styrene polymers and copolymers containing polystyrene units [7], arylene main-chain polymers of different poly(phenylene) [8], poly(ethersulfone) [9-11], poly(etherketone) [12-15], poly(phenylene oxide) [16,17], poly(phenylene sulfide) [18] types, and such membranes based on an inorganic backbone like poly(phosphazenes) [19,20], poly(siloxane)s [21], have been developed in the past years... 

Dense styrene polymers and copolymers are used in all flelds of packaging (for food in particular) and mechanical engineering (electric household appliances, automotive engineering, etc.) as well as for the realization of a multitude of low-size objects. 

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