Stuart Electrolyzers

Brown Bovery, Switzerland — General Electric, United States - Teledyne-Brown Energy Systems, United States — Norsk Hydro, Norway — Stuart Electrolyzers, Canada... 

The intramolecular coupling reaction does not occur when diphenylethylenes, that is, stilbene and its methyl derivatives, are electrolyzed under the same conditions (Stuart and Ohnesorge 1971). This difference in the anodic behavior of these substances was attributed to the low stability of the cation-radicals of stilbene and its methyl derivatives in comparison to the cation-radicals of tetraphenylethylene. The participation of the cation-radicals in the cyclization of tetraphenylethylene has been unequivocally proved (Svanholm et al. 1974, Steckhan 1977). 

Key technology developments Ballard PEM fuel cells and Stuart Energy electrolyzers. 

KOH systems have historically been used in larger-scale applications than PEM systems. Electrolyzer Corporation of Canada (now Stuart Energy) and the electrolyzer division of Norsk Hydro have built relatively large plants (100 kg/hour and larger) to meet fertilizer production needs in locations around the globe where natural gas is not available to provide hydrogen for the process. 

The current availability of the necessary equipment to liberate hydrogen from water allows hydrogen to meet the eighth criterion "Be easily manufactured by a simple, reasonable cost process". Electrolyzers manufactured by Stuart Energy Systems, in Canada, and Teledyne-Brown, in the United States are shown in Chapters 6 and 7. 

The hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolyzer is saturated with water vapor. Figure 6.3 and 6.4 show Teledyne-Brown electrolyzer units available off the shelf. Stuart Energy Systems electrolyzers are depicted in Figure 6.5 and in Chapter 7. These systems demonstrate that no extensive development is needed to produce the desired types of electrolyzers. Before placing the gas from the... 

Mr. Alexander Stuart Ms. Kerry Kelly Stuart Energy Systems, Toronto Canada For pictures of electrolyzer equipment. 

The efficiency of the electrolysis process—the theoretical amount of energy needed—39 kWh/kg of hydrogen, needs to be divided by the actual amount of energy used by the electrolysis unit to create hydrogen. Note that in this study, the energy requirement of the entire electrolysis system is used to calculate the efficiency, not just the efficiency of the electrolyzer. For example, the electrolyzer alone for the Stuart IMET 1000 requires 46.8 kWh/kg that corresponds to 83% efficiency when you divide the HHV of hydrogen by the electrolyzer power requirement. However, when you include the rectifier and auxiliaries, the energy requirement becomes 53.5 kWh/kg or 73% efficient for the system. An initial and approximate analysis was performed in [56] to find the effects of electricity... 

---