Triacylglycerols, structured

Figure 4.11 Detaib of the formation of a chylomicron and its structure. Triacylglycerol is synthesised upon the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chylomicrons are synthesised in the cytosol and then secreted into the lacteal via the Golgi.

Structure Triacylglycerols (fats or triglycerides) consist of three fatty acid chains... 

Halldorsson, A., Magnusson, C. C., and Haraldsson, G. G. 2003. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of structured triacylglycerols by highly regioselective acylation. Tetrahedron, 59, 9101-9109. 

Haraldsson, G. G. 2005. Structured triacylglycerols comprising omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Hou, C. T. (Ed.), Biocatalysis and Biotechnology for Functional Foods and Industrial Products (pp. 18-1-18.21). Boca Raton FL CRC Taylor and Francis. 

Miura, S., Ogawa, A., and Konishi, H. 1999. A rapid method for enzymatic synthesis and purification of the structured triacylglycerol, l,3-Dilauroyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol. I. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, 927-931. 

Figure 11. Triacylglycerol physical mixture vs structured triacylglycerols.

Yamane, T. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured triacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids monitoring the reaction and increasing the yield. In Enzymes in Lipid Modification Bornscheuer, U.T., Ed. Wiley-VCH Weinheim, Germany, 2000 148-169. 

Haraldsson, G.G., Halldorsson, and Kulas, E. 2000. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of structured triacylglycerols containing eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, JAOCS, 77(11), 1139. 

Xu, X. 2000. Production of specific-structured triacylglycerols by lipase-catalyzed reactions a review, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol, 102, 287-303. 

Figure 5 Total ion current chromatogram of acylglycerols 2h after administration of structured triacylglycerols (A) 1,3-dioctanoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol (8 0/18 2/8 0), (B) 1,3-did-ecanoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol (10 0/18 2/10 0), and (C) 1,3-didodecanoyl-2-linoleoyl-sr>-glycerol (12 0/18 2/12 0), and of safflower oil (D). All the triacylglycerols were identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-LC-MS. Reproduced with permissbn from Mu H and Hoy C-E (2001) Journal of Lipid Research 42 792-798.

Hita, E., A. Robles, B. Camacho, P. A. Gonzalez, L. Esteban, M. J. Jimenez, M. M. Munfo, and E. Molina. 2009. Production of Structured Triacylglycerols by Acidolysis Catalyzed by Lipases Immobilized in a Packed Bed Reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal 46 (3) 257-264. 

Carvajal, O., Sakono, M., Sonoki, H., Nakayams, M., Kishi, T., Sato, M., Ikeda, I., Sugano, M., and Imaizumi, K. Structured triacylglycerol containing medium-chain fatty acids in sn 1(3) facilitates the absorption of dietary long-chain fatty acids in rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64, 793-798, 2000. 

Bomscheuer, UT (2001) Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured triacylglycerols. Lipid Technol. NewsL, 1, 104—107. 

Han, JJ and Yamane, T (1999) Enhancement of both reaction yield and rate of synthesis of structured triacylglycerol containing eicosapentaenoic acid under vacuum with water activity control. Lipids, 34, 989-995. 

Irimescu, R, Furihata, K, Hata, K, Iwasato, Y and Yamane, T (2001) Two-step enzymatic synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid-rich symmetrically structured triacylglycerols via 2-monoacylglycerols. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 78, 743-748. 

Xu, X, Fomuso, LB and Akoh, CC (2000c) Synthesis of structured triacylglycerols by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis in a packed bed bioreactor. J. Agric. Food Chem.,4S, 3-10. 

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