Structure of gels and their characterization

To characterize the strueture of gels, parameters such as the number of cross-links /X, the number of subchains v, and their average molecular weight M, the branching index of the cross-links , the number of free ends Vend, and the cycle rank should be specified [1]. 

For networks with cross-links of a fixed branch number p, the following two 

Numbers beside the junction show their multiplicities. Unreacted groups can be regarded as 

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