Structurally colored

Ghiradella H 1991 Light and color on the wing structural colors in butterflies and moths App/. Opt. 30 3492-500... 

Struktur-farbe, /. structural color, -festigkeit, /. resistance to tearing, -formel, /. structural formula. 

Purines absorb only ultraviolet light and they contribute to structural colors (white and silver) in animals. Pterines are generally yellow, orange, or red pigments. Because they are amphoteric molecules, the absorption spectra depend on the pH and present three or two absorption maxima, usually one in the visible region. Sepiapterin has an absorption maximum at 340 nm in O.IM NaOH and at 410 nm in O.IM HCl." Leucopterin has three maxima 240, 285, and 340 nm. Xanthopterin has two 255 and 391 nm. Because they are conjugated with proteins, pterins show bathochromic shifts in vivo. They also present fluorescence when excited with UV light. 

Potyrailo, R. A. Ding, Z. Butts, M. D. Genovese, S. E. Deng, T., Selective chemical sensing using structurally colored core shell colloidal crystal films, IEEE Sensors J. 2008, 8,815 822... 

The general structure of a tRNA molecule, (a) Representation in the form of a cloverleaf, which is the simplest way of observing the secondary structure, (b) A more realistic drawing of the three-dimensional folded structure. Color coding shows how the various loops in the cloverleaf structure correspond to the parts of the folded... 

The CD included with the book helps in visualization of sturctures and relationships among similar structures. Color and large size make the figures much more appealing and effective. The approach presented aids in interpretation of sturctures and determincation of notations, especially in case of partially filled layers. Part IV allows the user to manipulate structures, add atoms or remove atoms to examine the environment of atoms using CrystalMaker. Autorotation reveals features not clear, even from models. 

One way of obtaining chemically responsive polymer surfaces relies on the concept of structural color. In this case, the color of an object is not generated by selective absorption of light, but by interference and Bragg reflection induced by... 

Structural colors may be caused by the diffraction or interference of light by tiny, regularly-spaced structures within a substance. Many insects and bird feathers display structural color. Structural defects in a material s crystal lattice can also affect its color. Excess or missing ions act as color centers and may affect the way the substance absorbs light. 

Fig. 16. Structure-color correlation table of Pt(II) complexes (left). The SEM image of a bottom-contact FET device with nanosheets as semiconducting materials is shown (center). Transient conductivity measurement of the EET device (right). The transient channel current was recorded with a light switching on and off every 5 s in a 90-s period. Reproduced with the permission of Wiley-VCH (258).

Transition metals position in periodic table, electronit structure, color and paramagnetism of compounds. 

Kinoshita S, Yoshioka S (2005) Structural colors in biological systems. Osaka University Press, Osaka... 

Alineral A naturally occurring inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystalline structure, color, and hardness contains a metal that can be extracted in a metallurgical process. 

D. L. Fox, Animal Biochromes and Structural Colors, 2nd ed. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, 1976. 

---