Structural relations in aggregation

There are a number of synthetic and natural surfactants where the CMC cannot be identified by an abrupt change in the solution properties. Short-chained surfactants, like as sodium octanoate, and amphiphiles with weakly pronounced hydrophobic groups, like as bile salts [202], often show a non-cooperative stepwise aggregation over a broad concentration range, so that the CMC concept is not applicable. 

Kj-afft points and aggregation numbers of some surfactants 

Surfactant CMC (10 mole/1) at different temperatures Krafft point, °C n at 25°C 

CMC and Kraffi points according the experimental data of different authors [91, 141,211,218-229]. 

As expected, the CMCs of individual surfactants, such as sodium alkyl sulphates (compiled in Table 1.10), are highly dependent on the alkyl chain length according to the following equation [91, 141-146, 203,212]  

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