Structural microinhomogeneities

If o < o < o, then the applied stresses lead to the formation of new glide layers and the shear band has the structure depicted in Fig. 6.16b. During this process, the glide-layer branching due to structure microinhomogeneities in the LRC may occur. However, the preferred orientation of the layers depends on the direction of the forces resulting from shear stresses. 

The influence of homogeneity of structure of gels on the phase transitions was studied by us for the networks of copolymers of methacrylamide with SMA in the mixtures of water with isopropanol [17]. The specific feature of these gels is the microinhomogeneity of their structure, which is manifested in intensive light scattering. For this type of system, it would be natural to expect an absence of... 

When the block length becomes comparable with Ny distinctions between the behaviors of two copolymers practically disappear. At L > 200, one observes that T Ly with y = 4/3. In this case, the characteristic scale of the microdomain structure behaves as r Ls with <5 = 1/2. This dependence is caused by the fact that flexible chains in the melt have a Gaussian conformation, and the average size of any chain section of n units is proportional to ft1/2 [75]. Hence, for sufficiently large Vs, the spatial scale of microinhomogeneities in the system is determined only by the block size. However, the behavior of the random-block copolymer at L < 102 is more complicated. In particular, r has a minimum at L 10. 

A lattice with a random distribution of parameters was chosen as an appropriate model of the chaotic structure of an inhomogeneous material Spatial microinhomogeneities (i.e., system components) were modelled by the lattice junctions, and the inteijunction bonds simulated their contacts with neighbors (Fig. 27). 

The cavitation development process is the formation of a cloud of vapour-gas bubbles (bubbly cluster) under the action of a rarefaction phase in the liquid containing microinhomogeneities, such as microbubbles of free gas, solid particles or combinations of them. Under an intense development of cavitation the liquid physically transforms into a two-phase state changing substantially the structure and parameters of the applied field. In order to construct a mathematical model of this process, one should know, first of all, the state of real liquid and the mechanism of the bubbly cluster formation. 

To conclude, it seems there are two main leads regarding the distribution of water in alcohol-rich alcohol/water mixtures in the literature. The first defends the hypothesis of water-rich microinhomogeneities in the mixture structure in terms of small water-pockets, and the second speaks in favor of a more uniform distribution of water over the system—the hydration of the hydrophiUc -OH chains and the enhancement of alcohol self-association. The inconsistencies in some of the findings of these studies indicate that structural investigations of primary alcohol/water binary mixtures are far from a trivial task. 

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