Stresses residual stress

Stresses. The main mechanical properties to consider are maximum stress or stress intensity factor, <7m ix or Kmax, cyclic stress or stress-intensity range, Act or AK, stress ratio R, cyclic loading frequency, cyclic load waveform (constant-amplitude loading), load interactions in variable-amplitude loading, state of stress, residual stress, and crack size and shape, and their relation to component size geometry.31... 

Figure 2 Influence of processing stress(residual stress) on working stress (P-1.0)...

Residual stress. Residual stresses may be measured from the radius of curvature of the warpage that occurs on a substrate when the adhesive is cured on that substrate. The bending stress, is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature, R, and directly proportional to the modulus, E, and the thickness, h, of the adhesive according to ... 

Mechanical fasteners are screws and bolts, self-tapping screws, or inserts. They may be reusable and can be moulded in metal or plastic. Plastic fasteners are of low weight and are corrosion and impact resistant. The high stress produced near fasteners can make parts more susceptible to chemical and thermal attack. The design stress, residual stress, and assembly stress in a component should not exceed the maximum allowable stress for the plastic. To reduce the stress concentration, inserts with smooth rounded surfaces can be used, which produce less stress than knurled inserts. 

Although the wear resistance of rails is basically controlled by hardness, it is also dependent on the stresses that the rails are subjected to. These stresses control the development of defects in rails that can eventually lead to failure, and include bending stresses, residual stresses, thermal stresses, and contact stresses [16,17]. 

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