Stress response dampening

Intramuscular injection of turpentine causes a biphasic HPA response [33], The first phase corresponds to the stress of injection with no detectable changes in plasma IL-6 concentrations. However, the second phase coincides with an inflammatory response to the turpentine, a response accompanied by increased plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and IL-6 levels. CRH, AVP, and PGs play stimulatory roles in this model, whereas nitric oxide dampens the pituitary response [33], IL-ip may be important for triggering the release of these signaling molecules, since mice lacking the gene for IL-ip have a blunted GC response to turpentine [34],... 

Plants under water stress are known to produce increased amounts of ethylene, show a rise in ABA and a decline in endogenous cytokinins (52,53). Other plant hormones are also probably involved in the response to water stress and other stress and wounding actions. The surge of ethylene production upon stress may therefore represent a response to a disturbance of the hormonal balance in tissues. The dampened oscillation curve for wound ethylene production may reflect the dynamic return of the disturbed hormonal system to a proper hormonal balance under the new tissue conditions, and thus may also reflect a healing phenomenon. 

Thermosets also benefit from the foam structure, as evidenced by improved thermal insulation, sound dampening and mechanical stress absorption responses to temperature changes or impact. Hollow spheres with an already set volume are normally used, that is, pre-expanded microspheres. The reason is that the curing reactions often interfere with any expansion before a sufficient volume increase has been obtained. Hollow organic spheres are found in products such as sealants, adhesives, putties, pipes, cultured marble, body fillers, model-making materials, and pastes [2, 3, 19]. Common suitable matrix materials are epoxies, PUR, and polyesters. 

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