Streptomyces violaceus

The carbazoquinodns are carbazole-3,4-quinone alkaloids and have been isolated from Streptomyces violaceus 2942-SVS3 [61]. They are strong antioxidative agents and thus represent potential drugs for the treatment of diseases initiated by oxygen-derived free radicals. We have developed an effident synthesis of carbazoquinodn C using palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cydization as the key step (Scheme 15.17, Table 15.2) [62]. 

Volkmann, C., Hartjen, U., Zeeck, A., and Fiedler, H. P. (1995) Biosynthetic capacities oiActinomycetes. 3 Naphthgeranine F, a minor congener of the naphthgeranine group produced by Streptomyces violaceus J Antibiot 48,522-524... 

Two aglycones were reported in the small group of 1,4,11-trihydroxylated anthracyclines, Q 2-rhodomycinone (35a) and 5-rhodomycinone (Fo 214). Glycosides such as alldimycin-A (35b), B (35c), C (35d), and violamycin-B2 (35e) isolated from Streptomyces violaceus A262, as well as 1-hydroxy-serirubicin (35f) isolated from Streptomyces cyaneus MG344-hF49 all have the Q 2-rhodomycinone aglycone 35a. 

Other glycosides such as isorhodomycin A (41h), S-isorhodomycin-S-lA (41i) isolated from Streptomyces purpurascens [79], and the antitumor antibiotic obelmycin-B (41j) from Streptomyces violaceus A262 [81] are listed in Table 5. 

C,oH 5CIN403, Mr 274.71 monohydrate hygroscopic, amorphous powder, mp. >119°C (decomp.), [aJu 94.6° (aq. CH3OH). A structurally unusual, antifun-gally active pyridazinium derivative isolated as the hydrochloride from cultures of Streptomyces violaceus-niger ssp. griseofuscus. 

In the salmycins, from a strain of Streptomyces violaceus, the disaccharide unit 70, or its oxime, is linked via 0-6 to the known trihydroxamate siderophere danoxamin. ... 

The monocyclic p-lactam nocardicin, from Nocardia uniforms, was discovered using high phosphate media [98]. This antibiotic was the first compound of this chemical class to be discovered. Similar methods of high phosphate fermentation yielded the immunostimulant FK-156 from Streptomyces olivaceogriseus and S. violaceus [99], This antibiotic showed protection against bacterial infection, enhancement of humoral antibody formation, and anticancer activity in experimental animals. 

A family of closely structurally related antibiotics is produced by several strains of Streptomyces e.g. Str. violaceus, griseus-spiralis, virido-chromogenes, parvulus, pseudogriseolus). The most studied member of this family is amphomycin which was shown to be identical with glumamycin and aspartocin (97). 

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