Strength in-plane

Xi = Tensile strength in direction of fibers X[ = Compressive strength in direction of fibers Yt = Tensile strength transverse to direction of fibers Yt = Compressive strength transverse to direction of fibers S = Shear strength in plane of lamina... 

Tensile strength, in plane Tensile modulus, in plane Tensile elongation, in plane Compressive strength, in plane Compressive strength, transverse Compressive modulus, in plane Compressive modulus, transverse Compressive strain at failure, in plane Compressive strain at failure, transverse... 

Laminates ate a special form of composite material or reinforced plastic because the continuous reinforcing ply of fibrous material imparts significant strength in the x—j plane. The strength along the axis results from interlaminar bonding of resins. Very few fibers ate oriented in the direction, so it tends to be the weak link in this type of composite. 

It is critical that surface treatment conditions be optimized to composite properties since overtreatment as well as undertreatment will degrade composite properties. Typically composite interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), in-plane shear, and transverse tension ate used to assess the effectiveness of surface treatment. More recently damage tolerance properties such as edge delamination strength, open hole compression, and compression after impact have become more important in evaluating the toughness of composite parts. 

For a lamina stressed in its own plane, there are three fundamental strengths if the lamina has equal strengths in tension and compression ... 

What is the Tsai-Hili failure criterion when the fibers of a unidirectional lamina in the 1-2 plane are aligned in the 2-direction Denote the lamina strength in the fiber direction by X as usual thus, the strength in the 1 -direction is Y. Compare this criterion with Equation (2.132). 

In this paper we amplify Powell s discussion, which is in some respects misleading. For example, Powell made the following statement Unlike the familiar four-lobed cubic d orbital, the pyramidal d orbital has only rather inconspicuous lobes of opposite sign. Each orbital is not quite cylindrically symmetrical about its own axis of maximum probability. In fact, the pyramidal d orbital that he discusses in detail is far from cylindrically symmetrical about its own axis of maximum probability, and the other pyramidal d orbital is also far from cylindrically symmetrical. In the equatorial plane about the axis of maximum probability the functions of Powell s first set (which we shall call II) vary from —0.3706 in two opposite directions to —1.7247 in the orthogonal directions. Each of these functions has almost the same value (strength) in the latter directions as in the principal directions, for which its value is 2.0950. The functions of the other set (which we call I) vary in this plane from —0.7247 to —1.4696, their value in the principal direction being 2.1943. 

The system can exist in a variety of phases depending on the parameters. Figure 11a shows the phase diagram in the ionic strength-pH plane. The pH... 

Note UTS=ullimate tensile strength, X=in-plane 0°, Y=in-plane 90°, Z = through thickness, Vpfibcr volume fraction, M=mat VGCF, H=hybrid VGCF, S=short staple VGCF, P=P-55 fiber, E=cpoxy, CER=cyanate ester resin. 

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