Strategies, delay-handling

Salomons, W. 1995. Long term strategies for handling contaminated sites and large-scale areas. In Salomans, W. Forstner, A. U. (eds) Biogeodynamics of Pollutants in Soils and Sediments Risk Asse.s.sment of Delayed and Non-Linear Responses. Springer, Berlin, 1-30. 

The challenges in SMB control are not only the complex nonlinear process dynamics, but also the long delays of the effect of disturbances. The required control strategy has to be able to handle multivariable dynamics with time-delays and hard constraints. Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been proven to be the most effective control strategy for this type of problems [1,2]. Only recently, a few scientific publications have addressed the automatic... 

IV Single-loop PID control, with additional compensation for both interactions and dilficult dynamics (e.g., linear decouplers and Smith predictors). Alternatively, extensions of multivariable control strategies like MPC to handle difficult dynamics (e.g., time-delays) are available [12] ... 

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