Stopping power and range

The stopping power may be expressed in J.m /kg. However MeV.cm /g is most often used as a practical unit. 

Williamson et al. (24) compiled the ranges and stopping powers for protons, deuterons, tritons, helium-3 and helium-4 in 37 elements for energies from 0.05 to 500 MeV. Only a crude indication of the accuracy is given. It is stated that, for energies above 1 MeV per nucleon and for targets with an atomic number below 50, the values appear to agree with published values to within 5 % and often much better. For lower 

The data of Andersen and Ziegler (22) and of Ziegler (23) may be considered as the best data available based on the most recent experimental and theoretical work. For hydrogen particles, the accuracy can be estimated better than 1 % at high energies, about 5 % for energies near 0.5 MeV and 10-20 % for energies around 0.01 MeV. 

For mixtures and compounds, the stopping power can be calculated by the Bragg-Kleeman formula  

Si(E) = stopping power of the i component, w. = weight fraction of the component. 

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J. F. Ziegler,. P. Biersack, and U. Littmark. Stopping Powers and Ranges in All Elements. Pergamon Press, New York, 1977, vol.1-6. 

ICRU, Stopping powers and ranges for protons and alpha particles, Vol. 49, ICRU Report, International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1993. 

ICRU, Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, Report 49. ICRU, Bethesda, 1993. 

J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark, Stopping Power and Ranges of Ions in Matter, Vol. I (Pergamon, New York, 1985). 

Hurley PM (1954) The helium age method and the distribntion and migration of helinm in rocks. In Nuclear Geology. John Wiley Sons, New York, Fanl H (ed) p 301-329 ICRU (1993). International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. In ICRU Report 49, Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles. 

Ziegler J F, Biersack J P, Littmerk U, Stopping Power and Ranges of Ion in Matter (SRIM) (Pergamon Press, New York), Ziegler J F, Ziegler M D, Biersack J P, Computer code SRIM, available from http //www. SRIM.org, 1985. 

Berger, M. )., Coursey, J. S, Zucker, M. A., and Chang,)., Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Positrons, and Helium Ions, Version 1.2.3, (http //www.nist.gov/pml/data/star/index.cfm), 2005. 

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