Stochastic gating

Wlren the door is open, the optimal net flux into the store isgiven by equation (C2.14.7). It may be that the stochastically gated diffusion treated by Szabo et aJ [47], see also [48] is a good representation of typical biological storage reactions (C2.14.8). 

Szabo A, Shoup D, Northrup S H and McCammon J A 1982 Stochastically gated diffusion-influenced reactions J. Chem. Phys. 77 4484-93... 

A. Szabo, J. A. McCammon, S. H. Northrup and D. Shoup, Stochastically gated diffusion influenced reactions, J. Chem. Phys., 77 (1982) 4484-4493. 

A. Szabo, D. Shoup, S. Northrup, and J. McCammon, /. Chem. Phys., 77, 4484 (1982). Stochastically Gated Diffusion-Influenced Reactions. 

Stochastic Gating and Anisotropic Reactivity V. Concluding Remarks... 

Single-channel currents appear and disappear in a stochastic manner (Fig. 11.4b-e). It is important to realize that these typical on-off transitions between open and closed channels are conventional single-molecule phenomena that are, however, invisible in the average of the ensemble, that is, on the macroscopic or multichannel level. They should not be confused with the macroscopic modes of gating discussed in Section 11.3. 

The two subunits at the ends of the channel assembly, termed "caps, differ from other subunits by their mode of interaction and the microenvironment in which they reside, which should make it possible to incorporate structurally distinct peptides as cap units.Various experimental observations derived from single-channel conductance measurements support formation of such hetero-meric noncovalent assemblies. It was suggested that such an approach may find utility in the design of ligand-gated channels and stochastic sensing. 

Ion chaimels are not always open. Single channel molecules switch suddenly (in less than one microsecond) between definite open and closed states. Single chaimel molecules open and close stochastically (in a process called spontaneous gating ) according to well-defined probability distributions [2] that are usually well described by Markov models (with a few rate constants that depend dramatically on conditions [6]). 

Bobbio Codetta (1994), extended DFTs by repair boxes. These boxes can express a repair time of components. In this paper, transformations of different gates and repair boxes into Stochastic High Level Colored Petri Net are given. 

Open-ended 1-2 Nanoparticle separation Small-molecule separation Voltage-gated transport for transdermal drug deUvery Desalination Recovery of homogeneous catalysts Dialysis Recovery Stochastic sensing... 

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