Stimulants dosing

Moodiness Overlap stimulant dosing 4- Dose or change to longer-acting ... 

As was pointed out in a pharmacological review (see Popik et al.), as the hallucinogenic dose appears to be several times higher than the stimulant dose, the user must endure intense and unpleasant central stimulation in order to experience the hallucinogenic effects. 

Methylphenidate, Transdermal (Daytrana) [Cll] [CNS Stimulant] WARNING w/ Hx of drug or alcohol dependence chronic use can lead to dependence or psychotic behavior observe closely during withdrawal of drug Uses ADHD in children 6-12 y Action CNS stimulant Dose Peds. 

Simpson LL. The effects of behavioral stimulant doses of amphetamine on blood pressure. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 33 691-695. 

Fig. 11.10. Synthetic multifunctional ion channels and pores either (A) open or (B) close in response to chemical stimulation. Dose response curves for (A) ligand gating or (B) blockage are characterized by effective (EC50) or inhibitory concentrations (/C50) and Hill coefficients (n). (C) Woodhull analysis of the voltage dependence of blockage reveals the depth of molecular recognition. (D) The special case of blockage by permeant electrolytes is described by /C50 and gwAX (the maximal conductance).

Atomoxetine has a significantly slower onset of therapeutic effect than stimulants (2 to 4 weeks versus 1 hour with an effective stimulant dose). Atomoxetine may be taken once daily or in divided doses in the morning or late afternoon. Table 61-5 provides dosing and titration recommendations for all nonstimulant medications. 

Tussilagone, a sesquiterpene compound found in coltsfoot, has been identified as a potent respiratory stimulant. Doses ranging from 0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg were administered via the femoral vein to anesthetized dogs. Low to moderate doses of tussilagone increased respiratory rate and tidal volume, while large doses elevated respiratory rate to the point that tidal volume decreased. The effects of tussilagone were short in duration (approx 5 min) and appeared to be centrally mediated (Li and Wang, 1988). 

The mechanism of the respiratory stimulation involves the action of Conium alkaloid on the sensory elements of the carotid body. The stimulating doses are of the order of 2-5 mg./kg. in the normal dog. According to Dautrebande and Philippot (105), this stimulatory action is abolished by denervation of both carotid sinuses. 

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