Sticta

Polyporic acid (3), the above cited terphenylquinone occurring in several species of basidiomycetes, has also been found in lichens of the Sticta genus [19]. Also thelephoric acid (82, see Section 3.2), widely distributed within Thelephoraceae, has been found in lichens of Lobaria genus [3], From the lichen Relicina connivens (Parmelia butleri) the butlerins A-F (51 - 56) were isolated [72, 73], These polyporic acid-related metabolites have not yet been found in fungi. 

C gH 204, Mr 292.29, bronze-colored plates, mp. 310-312°C. P. forms red solvates from pyridine and yellow solvates from dioxan it has the parent skeleton of the terphenylquinones. P. is found in some tree fungi of the order Aphyllophorales and in the frondous lichen Sticta coronata. The cinnamon-colored fruit bodies of Hapalopilus rutilans consist of up to 43.5% dry weight of polyporic acid. P. is formed biosynthet-ically by condensation of two molecules of phenyl-pyruvic acid and exhibits weak antileukemic activity. The dimethylether is called betulinan A . 

C H2oC1N04, Mr 289.76, hygroscopic crystals. A quaternary ammonium chloride from lichens (Lobaria lae-tevirens and Sticta species), it decomposes under alkaline conditions to caffeic acid and trimethylamine thus lichen containing S. develop an unpleasant odor of trimethylamine when spotted with KOH. 

Murray, J. Lichens and Fungi I. Polyporic Acid in Stictae. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1952, 1345. 

StL Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon, Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach., Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. 

Chiarello J, Joullie MM (1988) Synthetic routes to cristatic acid and derivatives. Tetrahedron 44 41-48 Chin WJ, Corbett RE, Heng CK, Wilkins AL (1973) Lichens and fungi. Part XL Isolation and structural elucidation of a new group of triterpenes from Sticta coronata, S. colensoi, and S. flavicans. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1437-1446... 

Corbett RE, Cumming SD (1971) Lichens and fungi. Part VII. Extractives from the lichen Sticta mougeotiana var. dissecta Del. J Chem Soc (C) 955-960... 

Sticta, Candelaria Gyalolechia, Lepraria, Gasparrima, Physcia, Chrysothrix and Callopsima species of Lichen (7,50). 

Pseudevernia, Parmeliaceae Pseudocyphellaria, Lobariaceae Punctelia, Parmelioid Ramalina, Ramalinaceae Rhizoplaca, Lecanoraceae Roccella, Roccellaceae Siphula, Icmadophilaceae Stereocaulon, Stereocaulonaceae Sticta, Lobariaceae Sulcaria, Alectorioid Teloschistes, Teloschistaceae Thamnolia, Icmadophilaceae Umbilicaria, Umbilicariaceae Usnea, Alectorioid Vulpicida, Cetrarioid Xanthoparmelia, Parmelioid Xanthoria, Teloschistaceae... 

Dmmmond AT (1861) On the economical uses of Sticta pulmonaria Hoffm. Ann Bot Soc Can 1 ... 

Chin, W. J., R. E. Corbett, C. K. Heng, and A. L. Wilkins Lichens and Fungi. Part XL Isolation and Structural Elucidation of a New Group of Triterpenes from Sticta coronata, S. colensoi, and S.flavicans. J. Chem. Soc. (London) Perkin Trans. I 1973, 1437. 

Figs. 89-91. Fig. 89, pseudocyphellae of Pseudocyphellaria Figs. 90-91, young and old cyphellae of Sticta sylvatica. (Figs. 89-91 from Henssen and Jahns, 1973.)... 

It is possible to distinguish between external and internal cephalodia. Internal cephalodia are found frequently in Lobaria Sticta. comisi... 

Lobaria scrobiculata Peltigera canina P. horizontalis P. polydactyla Sticta fuliginosa Sticta spp. (Cyanicaudata group j... 

L. amplissima, L. scrobiculata, Sticta, limbata, Pannaria spp., Usnea articulata, U.filipendula or Teloschistes flavicans present to locally abundant... 

The red-violet pigment in the lower cortex of some Sticta and Pseudocy-phellaria species is polyporic acid (104), the structure of which has been proven by synthesis. 

The most successful photosynthetic organism, be it higher plant or symbiotic system, is that which succeeds in orienting its chlorophyll in the optimum position in space. Numerous species of Sticta, Cladonia, Stereo-caulon, Ramalina, and various others represent close approaches to this optimum. It would appear, in fact, that there is considerable truth in imitation being the highest form of flattery. 

Genera Lobaria (Schreb.) Hoffm. (80), Pseudocyphellaria Vain. (200), Sticta (Schreb.) DC. (200). 

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