Polymer synthesis step growth

Wright, L.W. and Brandner, J.D. (1964) Catalytic isomerization of polyhydric alcohols. II. The isomerization of isosorbide to isomannide and isoidide. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 29 (10), 2979-2982. Wu, J. (2012) Carbohydrate-Based Building Blocks and Step-growth Polymers Synthesis, Characterization and Structure-Property Relations. PhD thesis, Eindhoven Technical University. 

Imai Y (1996) A new facile and rapid synthesis of polyamides and polyimides by microwave-assisted polycondensation. In Hedrick JL, Labadie JW (eds) Step-growth polymers for high-performance materials. Am Chem Soc Washington, p421... 

When dwj fdi = 0, the curve has a maximum and / = I / In p. A series expansion of — 1 / In p gives p/(p — I) as the first term and this fraction approaches I /(p — I) as p approaches 1. This is the value of in linear step-growth polymerizations (Eq. 5-20). Thus, as a first approximation, the peak in the weight distribution of high conversion linear step-growth polymers is located at of the polymer if the synthesis was carried out under conditions where interchange reactions and molecular weight equilibration could occur. 

The synthesis of step-growth polymers—polytimides such as nylon and Kevlar, polyesters such as Dacron, polyurethanes such as spandex, and polycarbonates such as Lexan (Section 30.6)... 

K. B. in Synthesis Methods in Step Growth Polymers. Long, T. E., Rodgers,... 

TABLE 3.2 Some Step-Growth Polymers and their Synthesis Reactions... 

S. Wang and J. E. McGrath. Synthesis ofpoly(arylene ether)s. In M. Rogers and T. E. Long, editors. Synthetic Methods in Step-growth Polymers, chapter 6, pages 327-374. Wiley, New York, 2003. 

Whereas 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) has been proposed frequently as a diol component for polyester synthesis, the high reactivity of the hydroxymethyl groups under acidic conditions primarily leads to resin formation, which is commercially exploited for the production of thermoset furan resins [55]. Although HMFA is more chemically stable than DHMF, it is also prone to resinification at high temperatures. In contrast, FDCA and derivatives have proven to be chemically stable under conditions relevant to polyester synthesis, making them the most versatile and industrially viable furan monomers for step growth polymers. 

Wang S, McGrath JE. Synthesis of poly(arylene ether)s. In Rogers M, Long TE, editors. Synthetic methods in step-growth polymers. New York Wiley 2003. p. 327-74 [chapter 6]. 

Identify the monomers required for the synthesis of each step-growth polymer ... 

Redraw each polymer using the notation in which parentheses are placed around the repeating unit. Identify each as chain-growth or step-growth polymers and identify the monomers required for its synthesis. 

Gaynor, S. G., and Matyjaszewski, K. (1997). Step-growth polymers as macroinitators for living radical polymerization synthesis of ABA block copolymers. Macromolecules, 30(14) 4241-4243. 

This study states that the uses of renewable somces which are vegetable oils, polymers synthesis is stepping forward. In this study we were reviewed about the different types of syntheses and the importance of polymer composites such as crossed-linked polymers and step-growth polymers from the vegetable oils. The polymer composites have achieved importance in industrial and biomedical applications. To our knowledge from various somces we have reviewed the preparation and applications of polymers from vegetable oil. 

Spychaj T, Pilawka R and Ukielski R (2004) New possibilities of chemical recycling methods in synthesis and/or modification of step-growth polymers, Proc 5 Int Conf Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilization MODEST, Lyon, CDROM abstract. 

---