Steam permeation

Noack M, Kolsch P, Caro J, Schneider M, Toussaint P, and Sieber I. MFI membranes of different Si/Al ratios for pervaporation and steam permeation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2000 35-36 253-265. 

Methods of Control Isolation of oontami-nated oultures careful screening of grain used for inoculum and sufficient steam permeation of grain during sterilization. 

Coors WG (2004) Steam reforming and water-gas shift by steam permeation in a protonic ceramic fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 51(7) A994... 

Using in situ experimental protocols, it has been explicitly proven that the steam permeates through the membrane electrolyte. Given the fact that other gases smaller in the size of their molecules cannot penetrate the electrolyte at comparable high rates as water, the crossover mechanism of steam cannot be interpreted by considering a diffusion process through the void... 

Finally, the proton-conducting membranes based on perovskites can be used for steam permeation. Such a concept has been demonstrated for fuel cells operating at zero current, but could also be extended to membrane reactor applications [65]. In this concept, water permeates from the feed to the permeate side of the membrane, promoting steam reforming of methane. The generated H2 splits at the permeate/membrane surface, permeating back to the feed side as a Fara-daic flux and reacting with O2. 

Coors, W.G. (2003) Direct hydrocarbon reforming in protonic ceramic fuel cells by electrolyte steam permeation. US Patent Appl. 2003/0219637. 

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