Steam air equilibria

Figure 4. Carbon-steam—air equilibria (T = J000°K, experimental CHk output)...

Figure 5. Carbon-steam-air equilibria (T = 1100°K, experimental CHh output)...

Figure 9. Carbon—steam-air equilibria (textbook CHh output, oxygen demand)...

Reference TDI contains an enthalpy table for ammonia at different pressures. Reference TD2 contains a series of tables in an appendix from which the specific heats of the reaction-gas mixture were calculated. Humidity charts were also useful. Reference TD3 is valuable for its steam tables, while Ref. TD4 contains both thermodynamic and chemical equilibria data for nitric acid. The final reference, Robertson and Crowe (Ref. TD5), contains formulae and tables for the sizing and choice of an air-feed compressor. 

In practice, ballasting must take place before the exposure temperature is reached. It happens throughout the heating phase to compensate for the increases in internal pressure that accompany the Increases in temperature. Dif-ferenl technologies address this differently in terms of the number of increments occurring during heat-up. There may be only as few as two or three steps, In each of which air is injected first, followed by steam to predetermined intermediate temperature and pressure equilibria. On the other hand, the modulation of internal pressure with increasing temperature may be virtually continuous in many liny increments. 

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