Startup resistor

The special properties of nanomaterials, such as those currently used as the conductive "pigment" in conductive inkjet inks, will be exploited more and more in advanced second-generation products. New inks will be developed to print additional electronic functionalities such as resistors, capacitors, and semiconductors, thereby enabling inkjet printing of complete electronic components and devices. Inkjet s capability to layer materials and build 3D structures will be further developed for microelectronics applications. These efforts have already been initiated in universities, research institutes, and commercial entities — in the large established ink companies as well as smaller startups financed by joint VC and government funding. 

Once an acceptable, stable open circuit potential is observed, the external load is reduced methodically. We generally reduce the resistor by half its resistance for each change. A period of time is required to allow the system to reach a steady-state potential after each load change. This period of time may vary between systems. In this example, the equilibration time ranged from 6 days in the beginning of startup... 

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