Standards, light emission intensity calibration

The reaction now affords investigators another valuable tool because the absolute intensity of the chemiluminescence has been carefully measured. It can thus be used as a standard light source against which other chemiluminescent reactions can be measured without the need of detector calibrations and geometry corrections. This convenience is due largely to the fine work of Fontijn, Meyer, and Schiff,145,147 who used chemical actinometry to measure the emission from a discharge-flow system. In their first report on this reaction, they determined the value of k12 as 1.0 x 104 M x sec-1 for emission in the... 

In Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), a gaseous, solid (as fine particles), or liquid (as an aerosol) sample is directed into the center of a gaseous plasma. The sample is vaporized, atomized, and partially ionized in the plasma. Atoms and ions are excited and emit light at characteristic wavelengths in the ultraviolet or visible region of the spectrum. The emission line intensities are proportional to the concentration of each element in the sample. A grating spectrometer is used for either simultaneous or sequential multielement analysis. The concentration of each element is determined from measured intensities via calibration with standards. 

The quantification of elements by these two methods implies that a relation exists between the concentration and the intensity of the corresponding light absorption or emission. They make use of protocols which comprise a calibration curve from standard solutions of the analyte. 

The emissivity of a material relates to how intensely radiative heat is reflected from its surface. Values range between 0 and 1 from a light, reflective to an increasingly dark, dull surface. Measurement is by a duel wavelength, calibrated optical pyrometer when an object is heated to a known temperature. No standard methods for refractories currently exist despite the influence of this property in many applications. 

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