Standardization of distillation apparatus

The significance of standardization from both a scientific and an economic point of view is generally accepted. No detailed arguments supporting it need, therefore, be given here. It may suffice to point out that it always pays to use standardized apparatus. In all countries there is a tendency to provide standard apparatus for the various sex arations to be carried out it can then be mass-produced and hence is relatively cheap. Further, it is readily available and gives reproducible results. The 

Apparatus for simple distillation in vacuum assembled from standard components a = three-neck round-bottomed flask NS 29 with 2 side tubes NS 14.5 h = thermometer with ground joint NS 14.5 c = boiling capillary d = still head with ground joints NS 29 and 14.5 e = Dimroth condenser  

The main advantages of standard components are that the apparatus required can be assembled safely and quickly and that in many cases expensive special apparatus can be dispensed with, since the components can be combined in many ways. Moreover, it is possible to copy the set-up of technical plants to a considerable extent. In the case of a fracture only the demaged component needs to be replaced. 

apparatus having standard ground-glass joints is used almost exclusively in every organic laboratory and hence in every distillation laboratory (Tab. 1). An encyclopaedia of chemical laboratory apparatus including the G.D.R. standards has been edited by Telle [3]. 

Sizes of standard ground-glass joints for interchangeable connections 

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